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Scientists Create Stable, Self-Renewing Neural Stem Cells
. h: q" H* E1 }- d9 v& l4 ehttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/223259.php4 s6 J% ]% g& [8 o
: L1 `" t1 r( Y, s2 ~7 ]% j8 @7 uIn a paper published in the April 25 early online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco and colleagues report a game-changing advance in stem cell science: the creation of long-term, self-renewing, primitive neural precursor cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that can be directed to become many types of neuron without increased risk of tumor formation.6 ]7 Y A! a% q2 D* J
……一项改变干细胞科学游戏规则的研究进展：用hESCs产生能长期自我更新的原始神经前体细胞，这些细胞能够定向分化为许多类型的神经并且不增加癌化风险。
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5 o, z( k& z% R' Y9 x"It's a big step forward," said Kang Zhang, MD, PhD, professor of ophthalmology and human genetics at Shiley Eye Center and director of the Institute for Genomic Medicine, both at UC San Diego. "It means we can generate stable, renewable neural stem cells or downstream products quickly, in great quantities and in a clinical grade millions in less than a week that can be used for clinical trials and, eventually, for clinical treatments. Until now, that has not been possible."
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这意味着我们能够快速产生大量能够满足临床百万级需求的稳定并且能够自我更新的神经干细胞或者下游细胞，这一过程可以在一周内完成，可以用于临床试验或者最终的临床治疗。到目前为止，这是不可能的。8 r& w* c+ x1 Q' r
Human embryonic stem cells hold great promise in regenerative medicine due to their ability to become any kind of cell needed to repair and restore damaged tissues. But the potential of hESCs has been constrained by a number of practical problems, not least among them the difficulty of growing sufficient quantities of stable, usable cells and the risk that some of these cells might form tumors.5 i+ G. K8 x% m( n5 t
' F% F% W" F; h6 Q: YhESCs 的应用存在一些列的实际问题——数量、稳定性、安全性（癌化）; P2 k4 [: f& t5 z
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To produce the neural stem cells, Zhang, with co-senior author Sheng Ding, PhD, a former professor of chemistry at The Scripps Research Institute and now at the Gladstone Institutes, and colleagues added small molecules in a chemically defined culture condition that induces hESCs to become primitive neural precursor cells, but then halts the further differentiation process.+ b5 X( ]& _& O9 i c2 {
$ D) d1 _* ~* |/ M在化学成分明确的培养条件下加入小分子能够诱导产生原始的神经前体细胞，但是停止了进一步的分化过程。
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"And because it doesn't use any gene transfer technologies or exogenous cell products, there's minimal risk of introducing mutations or outside contamination," Zhang said. Assays of these neural precursor cells found no evidence of tumor formation when introduced into laboratory mice.
6 p5 V/ @) t @: l* x……不适用转基因技术以及外源性细胞产品，因此引入突变和外界污染的风险较小……
" E5 e- {* o* {. `) a8 }将这些神经前体细胞引入试验小鼠中发现无癌化现象。" W+ b: r% ]! q2 X* X' l3 ]$ x
# N2 z6 \& z7 q# s& S6 vBy adding other chemicals, the scientists are able to then direct the precursor cells to differentiate into different types of mature neurons, "which means you can explore potential clinical applications for a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases," said Zhang. "You can generate neurons for specific conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), Parkinson's disease or, in the case of my particular research area, eye-specific neurons that are lost in macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa or glaucoma."
4 a9 x2 q, P; I# u' G通过增加其他的化学成分，这些前体细胞可以分化为不同类型的成熟神经……) v; q4 o8 h% V4 J
. R% Y3 j, \9 H7 LThe new process promises to have broad applications in stem cell research. The same method can be used to push induce pluripotent stem cells (stem cells artificially derived from adult, differentiated mature cells) to become neural stem cells, Zhang said. "And in principle, by altering the combination of small molecules, you may be able to create other types of stem cells capable of becoming heart, pancreas, or muscle cells, to name a few.") [0 m7 K) v' q3 y) S- ^
原则上说，通过改变小分子的组合可以让其他干细胞变成心、胰、肌肉细胞等
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The next step, according to Zhang, is to use these stem cells to treat different types of neurodegenerative diseases, such as macular degeneration or glaucoma in animal models.) }1 J5 p* r- D' N
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发表于 2011-4-27 02:05
