" D5 c4 d6 B3 h. ~- R9 M) y3 u W& p保护未出生生命协会人士安东尼-奥兹米克说:“生育过程中使用人工精子和卵子将歪曲和破坏家庭关系。任何科学成就都不能抛弃基本的伦理原则,例如要保障生命的权利。” * h" C$ ~9 y" t( v% k3 y$ G6 b4 y9 ]7 i- T
根据世界卫生组织公布的数字,全世界不孕症患者人数约为8000万—1.1亿,还有很多育龄夫妇由于癌症治疗而无法生育。最新的实验成果会帮助他们成功生育出至少从生物学的角度是他们自己的子女。然而,这同时也引发了巨大的道德和伦理争论,因为这可能会制作出完全的人工婴儿,众多男女也会逐渐退出哺育后代的行列。反对者认为肆意改变人类生育过程是错误的,并警告说治疗不育症的进展有可能引发家庭成员关系的扭曲和破坏。(来自生物谷) 1 c* F9 F# e' n# |1 H5 U1 pNature advance online publication 28 October 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08562 5 T( r. l1 Y4 ?" e/ J7 W; @$ ?0 R0 U' V5 K5 F" Q+ L5 j
Human DAZL, DAZ and BOULE genes modulate primordial germ-cell and haploid gamete formation5 G* A. Y" @" o" b3 u
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Kehkooi Kee1, Vanessa T. Angeles1, Martha Flores1, Ha Nam Nguyen1 & Renee A. Reijo Pera11 N8 z7 W, p# ?, Y
; w" G1 g. Y3 a! A: r# lCenter for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Education, Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA + ]1 E; a/ w- V3 `8 P+ D* D9 X v$ T
Correspondence to: Renee A. Reijo Pera1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.A.R.P. & [& `- V; h$ r# O& ?# h: l: @ 2 l7 X( \1 {# P; k, Y8 S( }6 EThe leading cause of infertility in men and women is quantitative and qualitative defects in human germ-cell (oocyte and sperm) development. Yet, it has not been possible to examine the unique developmental genetics of human germ-cell formation and differentiation owing to inaccessibility of germ cells during fetal development. Although several studies have shown that germ cells can be differentiated from mouse and human embryonic stem cells, human germ cells differentiated in these studies generally did not develop beyond the earliest stages1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Here we used a germ-cell reporter to quantify and isolate primordial germ cells derived from both male and female human embryonic stem cells. By silencing and overexpressing genes that encode germ-cell-specific cytoplasmic RNA-binding proteins (not transcription factors), we modulated human germ-cell formation and developmental progression. We observed that human DAZL (deleted in azoospermia-like) functions in primordial germ-cell formation, whereas closely related genes DAZ and BOULE (also called BOLL) promote later stages of meiosis and development of haploid gametes. These results are significant to the generation of gametes for future basic science and potential clinical applications.作者: apengforever 时间: 2009-10-30 15:13