Development of the Pacemaker Tissues of the Heart / e: |4 H& r. n/ XVincent M. Christoffels, Gertien J. Smits, Andreas Kispert, Antoon F. M. Moorman 8 y( D0 U7 l! t# y3 f dPacemaker and conduction system myocytes play crucial roles in initiating and regulating the contraction of the ( s& }$ e+ d$ W' e# N, c: ]2 Ecardiac chambers. Genetic defects, acquired diseases, and aging cause dysfunction of the pacemaker and( l0 [5 T; f8 i1 d
conduction tissues, emphasizing the clinical necessity to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of 3 f2 r: N/ }. W5 ~' d9 M ^+ utheir development and homeostasis. Although all cardiac myocytes of the developing heart initially possess ! b, D+ B! T g# L) mpacemaker properties, the majority differentiates into working myocardium. Only small populations of$ S! R9 e2 Q* x- I' e+ a! _8 I
embryonic myocytes will form the sinus node and the atrioventricular node and bundle. Recent efforts have+ E; r: Z/ {- P. U$ K
revealed that the development of these nodal regions is achieved by highly localized suppression of working % Q- O% k* @; E# Mmuscle differentiation, and have identified transcriptional repressors that mediate this process. This review will1 H7 w4 d5 M& U( ^: Y- A
summarize and reflect new experimental findings on the cellular origin and the molecular control of & T5 |% d; L. o. |# b' ^differentiation and morphogenesis of the pacemaker tissues of the heart. It will also shed light on the etiology of 3 K D3 y1 y- x4 d/ T. k" d |inborn and acquired errors of nodal tissues. (Circ Res. 2010;106:240-254.)作者: jianlindunev 时间: 2010-5-6 21:48