0 [7 d5 w' H- {1 v目前,难以从形态学角度对肿瘤干细胞进行鉴定,只能从功能学方面进行分析。现在的鉴定方法一般包括以下两个方面。0 d9 w% Z! v3 x X( k# K k! Z. e
( s& M3 B/ `4 w" R/ W6 q+ @4.1 利用肿瘤干细胞的生物学特性在体外培养进行初步的鉴定 即体外培养的肿瘤干细胞是否呈悬浮球状生长、是否具自我更新和增殖能力、是否具多向分化潜能。目前有研究[20]表明:肿瘤干细胞易呈悬浮球状生长并且可连续传代,在传代的后期更易出现悬浮球状生长且增殖速度加快;此外,通过有限稀释实验和亚克隆培养分析发现所有亲本肿瘤球制成的细胞悬液都再次形成肿瘤球,且与亲本肿瘤球完全相同,提示肿瘤干细胞具有自我更新和增殖能力;肿瘤干细胞转移至含血清的培养基中培养7天左右,便不再或极少表达Nestin和CD133,而这两种标记物现在普遍被认为是在干细胞或是祖细胞中表达的,表明了干细胞具有多向分化潜能。在乳腺癌[3]、脑肿瘤[4,20]等的研究中应用这些方法进行初步的鉴定。9 d+ U" O( o7 _8 o a, a
: R. I; N9 j6 D: v5 E4 o7 K4.2 测定体外克隆形成能力鉴定肿瘤干细胞 即将初步鉴定出的肿瘤干细胞注入NOD/SCID小鼠体内,从而观察其致瘤性;如白血病[1]、乳腺癌[3]、脑胶质瘤[4,20]、前列腺癌[21]等的肿瘤干细胞的鉴定均在NOD/SCID小鼠体内重建模型,此种方法认为是现在进行肿瘤干细胞鉴定的最具说服力的方法。 $ G/ D: H6 c/ ?, H3 M. a, d" j, ~; t/ B) o6 V; S ]
总之,肿瘤干细胞已成为肿瘤研究的热点,对肿瘤的治疗也要从新视角把握。肿瘤干细胞的发现无疑给科学家对肿瘤的认识带来了新观念,为肿瘤的临床治疗带来了希望,相信随着对肿瘤干细胞的深入研究人类最终会取得胜利。 " n& y3 C; q3 F8 Y 【参考文献】& L0 {. P$ m+ H/ A
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