作者:贾晋松,刘东平,黄晓军,吴彤,刘代红,张耀臣,苏宏,王静波,周葭蕤,刘强,殷宇明,孙瑞娟,段萱,陆道培作者单位:北京市道培医院,北京 100049 + [# K. a3 C6 g
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【摘要】 本研究探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo HSCT)后受者外周血白细胞巨细胞病毒(CMV) pp65抗原阳性细胞数的变化及临床意义。以104例HSCT受者为研究对象,采集移植前后及恢复期受者的抗凝血标本,用CMV pp65单克隆抗体荧光免疫组织化学法检测CMV早期抗原,并进行动态观察。结果表明: 104例HSCT受者中29例移植后检出CMV pp65抗原阳性,检出率27.88%,其中16例为CMV血症,13例为CMV病。29例经抗病毒治疗后25例抗原转为阴性,有效率86.21%,死亡4例,病死率13.79%。CMV感染患者中,受非血缘或单倍体相合异基因HSCT的患者与受同胞全相合异基因HSCT的患者CMV感染率分别为39.29%和14.58%,两者相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。0-Ⅰ度急性GVHD组CMV感染的发生率为19.44 %,而Ⅱ-IV度急性GVHD 组为46.88%,两者间的差异有显著意义(P<005)。CMV抗原阳性与阴性患者的急性GVHD发生率有显著性差异(P<005)。结论: 外周血白细胞CMV pp65病毒抗原检测可作为造血干细胞移植后CMV病的监测指标,用于指导移植后抗病毒的治疗和疗效评价。 , f% X6 {! h# y
【关键词】造血干细胞移植; 巨细胞病毒; pp65抗原; 荧光免疫组织化学测定+ b/ y: ^ _# H h1 r% N# b4 Z( ]! F# C
Survellance of Cytomegalovirus for Antiviral Efficacy and Risk Factors in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation$ j$ n9 I9 v" c& f6 }, y+ W; G" r$ w
5 ~% Z6 U, }/ C X" A) M, i JIA Jin-Song,LIU Dong-Ping,HUANG Xiao-Jun,WU Tong,LIU Dai-Hong,ZHANG Yao-Chen,SU Hong,WANG Jing-Bo,ZHOU Jia-Rui,LIU Qiang,YING Min-Yu,SUN Rui-Juan,DUAN Xuan, LU Dao-Pei `/ _' S2 k' ^: \ 2 R* X" [: d4 L* P7 D! E Beijing Daopei Hospital,Beijing 100039,China 5 j% G$ C7 g' O' F8 P4 B6 Q& w d. U5 Z1 E# k2 k* b
AbstractThe study was aimed to investigate the pp65 antigen of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and its clinical significance in patients revived allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). 104 patientsreceived allogeneic HSCT were studied. Anticoagulant blood samples were obtained from the recipients before and after transplantation and in the convalescence. CMV pp65 antigen in leukocytes was detected by indirect immunoflurescence assay using CMV Brite Kit weekly. The results showed that among the 104 patients,29 cases were CMV pp65 positive (27.88%). Out of 29 cases 16 were CMV antigenemia and 13 cases were CMV disease. There were 25 cases who positively responded to antiviral therapy (effective ratio 86.21%) and 4 cases died (case-fatality ratio13.79%). The detection revealeda significant difference in the incidence of CMV infection between the patientsreceived unrelated or haploidenticalfamily donor HSCT (39.29%) and HLA-identical sibling donor HSCT (14.58%) (P2 m" s1 |! P) i9 S' J, ]* s3 s
) F; ^/ O* t* X! M- _ Key words hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; cytomegalovirus; pp65antigen;fluorescence immunohistochemistryassay) J3 K. _7 |5 L, b
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异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoie-tic stem cell transplantation,allo-HSCT)后人类巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染是主要的感染合并症及死亡原因[1]。因此,对allo HSCT后CMV活动性感染进行监测和防治甚为重要。早期诊断、早期治疗是预防移植后CMV病发生和减少因CMV感染而致死亡的关键措施。外周血白细胞CMV pp65抗原的检测是诊断CMV感染的早期、快速和敏感的方法,可以指导移植后预防性抗CMV治疗,监测抗病毒治疗疗效[2]。本研究采用CMV pp65单克隆抗体免疫荧光测定法和聚合酶链反应(PCR)法,对104例异基因造血干细胞移植的患者做了连续性监测和分析,以研究移植后抗病毒治疗中CMV抗原阳性细胞数的变化并探讨其在监测CMV感染中的意义。8 u% C7 ^+ ^7 K" V
' ?2 n. F# {4 X. S 材料和方法 , x* d7 ^: W- ?, q0 u3 o: ] * A/ |# x' z) z9 M 病例选择 8 N8 g4 s' w [0 h B% D' e3 ?# c * c6 Q4 V( L h$ t- X3 m 104例患者均为2004年3月至2005年3月在我院进行造血干细胞移植者,其中男64例,女40例,平均年龄27.2 岁,年龄范围5-50岁,其临床特点见附表。( |/ l" ^( t8 D9 `% i4 Y! F/ [
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预处理方案和移植物抗宿主病的预防 # L+ L* F9 m, m* i4 T$ E) N1 D, c: S+ {7 S
预处理方案采用改良马利兰/环磷酰胺(Bu/Cy)方案,个别患者采用环磷酰胺和全身照射(CTX/TBI)为主的预处理方案。移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease,GVHD)预防采用经典环孢菌素A 联合短程甲氨蝶呤方案。 2 k! ?: w$ N" {$ P" f8 i6 ~9 @* G$ g% F8 ?
CMV感染的分类和定义[3]5 }+ g. m% V8 U% Q
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CMV活动性感染血中出现CMV pp65抗原阳性白细胞(诊断标准: CMV pp65阳性细胞 > 1 / 1105WBC[4]),即出现CMV 抗原血症,包括无症状感染和CMV病。 : ~% k8 M) S6 H' z; B% P0 D# F2 g4 C- y: L9 e
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% d/ j k! g; G$ J- _4 @, y本研究资料为首次报告有关单倍体相合异基因HSCT患者CMV的感染情况,非血缘及单倍体相合异基因HSCT患者与同胞HLA相合异基因HSCT患者CMV感染率有显著性差异,因此ATG很可能是发生CMV感染的一个重要危险因素。ATG是异基因造血干细胞移植应用的重要的免疫抑制剂,非血缘及配型不相合的患者在移植过程中均需使用ATG。但ATG的体内去T细胞作用使受者免疫功能在移植过程中更为低下,免疫恢复的时间更长,CD4 T细胞数量减少,因而更易发生CMV感染[13]。1 K" H) ?! Q( u4 o g- D
3 I+ v a, n4 \GVHD与CMV感染关系复杂,急性GVHD增加了发生CMV病的危险,是影响CMV感染发生的重要因素[8]。GVHD越严重,CMV感染的机率越大。Meyers等[14]报道,造血干细胞移植后0-Ⅰ度GVHD的患者CMV感染率为42.1%,Ⅱ-Ⅳ度GVHD 患者感染率为63.1%。本研究结果与其相似,急性GVHD可明显增加CMV感染的发生率,且随着GVHD的程度加重感染率有所增高。患者发生GVHD后大量应用免疫抑制剂可进一步减弱HSCT患者尚未恢复的免疫力,另外GVHD本身也能够明显地减弱患者的免疫功能,进而导致CMV的激活。因此有效地预防GVHD可以减少CMV感染的发生,在治疗上必须同时兼顾二者。; c3 c q6 Y7 v1 x( K; w3 U, N6 [4 Q
/ }" y" i+ `, ?! a/ w6 V6 hCMV活动性感染是造血干细胞移植患者的重要并发症和首位死亡的原因。随着检测手段的不断进步,如CMV-PCR、CMV pp65单克隆抗体荧光免疫组织化学法、NASBA(the nucleic acid sequence-based assay)等项目开展使得更为准确地检测CMV和早期诊断CMV感染成为可能。CMV pp65抗原检测在指导预防性抗病毒治疗方面起到重要作用[8]。本研究提示,人类CMV pp65白细胞病毒抗原检测,即CMV pp65阳性可作为造血干细胞移植并发CMV病的诊断依据,它有助于早期、准确地发现CMV感染,为早期治疗提供依据,指导移植后的抗病毒治疗及疗效评价。 g9 O, y0 F( b* v! v* c
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