. t7 Z- i; {0 z9 S; `$ D因此研究人员如果能用这种缺少CCR5受体的细胞替代病人免疫细胞的话,病人也许就不会那么容易感染艾滋病毒了。Hütter等人在德国骨髓捐献中心为这名病人找到了80个合适的配型,其中61号骨髓捐献者被证实具有这种CCR5变异,在2007年2月Hütter对患者进行了移植手术。0 q$ {8 z- E) F% D. V
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之后为了预防移植手术通常会出现的排异反应,Hütter等人又用药物和放疗手段杀死了病人体内的骨髓细胞和很多免疫细胞。这样经过了几年时间,标准的艾滋病毒检测已经不能探测到病人血液中的病毒,在艾滋病病毒常常隐藏的大脑和直肠组织中同样不见其踪影。在2009年2月的《新英格兰医学杂志》上,他们发表论文称,在停止抗病毒药物治疗并接受干细胞移植20个月之后,病人体内没有病毒反弹迹象。当时这些研究人员谨慎地表示,这一结果显示了基因疗法在控制艾滋病病毒感染方面的关键作用。而在近期Blood文章中,他们才更加大胆的判断这一病人的艾滋病被治愈了。 - q! d1 m$ B% s. P : C1 y2 l& O: V当然由于这一方法属于特殊病例,而且如果将这种方法变成标准疗法,存在着较大风险。这是因为一来干细胞或骨髓移植目前常用于癌症治疗,对健康人来说其风险尚属未知,二来费用也比较高。所以多数艾滋病测试阳性的人恐怕不会愿意接受这种治疗方法。有一些药物可以起到类似的作用,美国辉瑞制药公司所生产的一种CCR5抑制剂,称为maraviroc,已被批准在美国和欧洲使用。其他公司则忙于研发更进一步的靶向CCR5的药品。 ( b: f+ e9 t9 d% V8 M , k7 X. O# T* A! r) d2 w( L6 M除此之外还有一类艾滋病毒并不利用CCR5受体来侵入细胞。这类病毒通常不会在有正常免疫系统的病人身上出现,不过它们可能最终会在这名病人体内繁衍。因此最终要治愈艾滋病,可能还需更多努力。+ e* B7 ^; l) s+ U* Y
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(生物通:万纹) 2 }/ b! b7 O, m6 y ! M/ Z) @9 d. Z8 ?' V O原文摘要:8 C# D9 x2 i" i' B7 b8 R5 K
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Evidence for the cure of HIV infection by CCR532/32 stem cell transplantation : i+ Q, |6 q) j! ]4 M& u! [ % L$ I4 Y3 l+ s% I9 yHIV entry into CD4+ cells requires interaction with a cellular receptor, generally either CCR5 or CXCR4. We have previously reported the case of an HIV-infected patient in whom viral replication remained absent despite discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy after transplantation with CCR532/32 stem cells. However, it was expected that the long-lived viral reservoir would lead to HIV rebound and disease progression during the process of immune reconstitution. In the present study, we demonstrate successful reconstitution of CD4+ T cells at the systemic level as well as in the gut mucosal immune system following CCR532/32 stem cell transplantation, while the patient remains without any sign of HIV infection. This was observed although recovered CD4+ T cells contain a high proportion of activated memory CD4+ T cells, i.e. the preferential targets of HIV, and are susceptible to productive infection with CXCR4-tropic HIV. Furthermore, during the process of immune reconstitution, we found evidence for the replacement of long-lived host tissue cells with donor-derived cells indicating that the size of the viral reservoir has been reduced over time. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that cure of HIV has been achieved in this patient. ' l/ ~+ v+ S0 [( O, Y7 y x2 S ^9 t% V: C: {# t# G+ U
4楼原文 感谢stemcellfamily 提供作者: maomaoma 时间: 2011-1-12 18:48