" N/ a; k9 _ i! a* Y( C2010年国家最高科学技术奖获得者最早做这肿瘤细胞诱导分化尝试: 4 K2 b+ c# m# P5 M h 王振义,男,1924年11月出生于上海。1948年毕业于震旦大学医学院,获医学博士学位。曾任上海第二医科大学校长等职,1994年当选为中国工程院院士,现为上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院终身教授、上海血液学研究所名誉所长。 4 l. L7 k% O8 a: h6 D: e
% `% N6 H j) D+ R8 H5 D! L. l1 m 作为一名血液学专家,王振义院士在60余年的从医生涯中,为医学实践和理论创新做出了重大贡献,他成功实现了将恶性细胞改造为良性细胞的白血病临床治疗新策略,奠定了诱导分化理论的临床基础;确立了急性早幼粒细胞白血病治疗的“上海方案”,阐明了其遗传学基础与分子机制,树立了基础与临床结合的成功典范;建立了我国血栓与止血的临床应用研究体系。 o9 L1 O6 s* _" H6 i5 D8 O
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急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)是临床表现最为凶险的一种白血病类型,其缓解率低、死亡率高。传统化疗在杀死白血病细胞的同时,对正常细胞也具有杀伤作用,会加剧出血,导致早期死亡。王振义院士依据诱导分化学说,在大量实验的基础上提出了治疗APL的诱导分化疗法,证明采用全反式维甲酸可以将恶性早幼粒白血病细胞诱导分化为良性细胞,引起了国内外医学界的高度关注,并得到了国际同行的广泛证实。2009年美国“临床指南”将全反式维甲酸治疗APL定为规范性治疗方案。在有效缓解治疗APL的基础上,王振义院士不断优化治疗方案,发现联合应用维甲酸和氧化砷治疗APL,可使五年生存率上升至95%,从而使APL成为第一个可治愈的成人白血病。为此,国际血液学界特将此方案誉为“上海方案”。在临床治疗获得巨大成功的同时,王振义院士又揭示了全反式维甲酸诱导分化APL是一种针对致癌蛋白分子的“靶向治疗”方法。维甲酸的应用开拓了人类治疗肿瘤的新思路与新途径,成为转化医学的典范;“上海方案”是诱导分化学说的具体体现,是靶向治疗的成功范例。 % t* [3 ] N$ j0 Z4 u
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王振义院士于1988年在《Blood》上发表的论文,迄今已被广泛引用1713次,成为全球引证率最高和最具有影响的代表论文之一。1994年,王振义院士获得国际肿瘤学界的最高奖––凯特林奖,评委会称他为“人类癌症治疗史上应用诱导分化疗法获得成功的第一人”。此外,他还获得瑞士布鲁巴赫肿瘤研究奖、法国台尔杜加世界奖、美国血液学会“海姆瓦塞曼”奖、求是杰出科学家奖、首届“何梁何利科技奖”等。 7 ? y& h$ K1 c8 K4 k0 Z3 K
, T# r2 E6 V% P' Y 王振义院士作为一名医学家,秉承高尚医德,拯救了无数生命,作为一名科学家,成功实践了诱导分化理论,取得了一系列具有国际影响的科研成果;作为一名教育家,为国家造就了众多优秀的血液学专业人才,对世界医学发展做出了重大贡献。 ( C. J2 t1 |9 D# Z- _* { V
Definition of Differentiation therapy" o; {0 r, o8 e9 v* @- j7 R* u
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Differentiation therapy: An approach to the treatment of advanced or aggressive malignancies in which the malignant cells are treated so that they can resume the process of maturation and differentiation into mature cells. / j0 \3 V6 ?( Z3 _: K$ ]5 f# R, Y9 X% K$ a
Differentiation therapy is based on the concept that cancer cells are normal cells that have been arrested at an immature or less differentiated state, lack the ability to control their own growth, and so multiply at an abnormally fast rate. Differentiation therapy aims to force the cancer cell to resume the process of maturation. Although differentiation therapy does not destroy the cancer cells, it restrains their growth and allows the application of more conventional therapies (such as chemotherapy) to eradicate the malignant cells. Differentiation agents tend to have less toxicity than conventional cancer treatments. 3 v/ ]/ d: ~) r 3 b; ]. g h6 P' {- U0 }The first differentiation agent found to be successful was all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). APL is the result of a translocation (an exchange of chromosome material) between chromosomes 15 and 17. There are two chromosome breaks: one in chromosome 15 and the other in chromosome 17. The break in chromosome 15 disrupts the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene which encodes a growth suppressing transcription factor. And the break in chromosome 17 interrupts the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARa) gene which regulates myeloid differentiation. The translocation creates a PML/RARa fusion gene. It produces a chimeric protein that causes an arrest of maturation in myeloid cell maturation at the promyelocytic stage. (It reduces terminal cell differentiation.) And this causes the increased proliferation of promyelocytes. 2 Z) T& ~/ h2 W9 \6 f2 I+ c
7 I: D( L- T5 WMost APL patients are now treated first with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). It causes the promyeloctes to differentiate (to mature) and so deters them from proliferating. ATRA induces a complete remission in about 70% of cases. ATRA is the prototype of a differentiation therapy agent.- {) q# E1 Q, F K7 J0 q' \ http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=19760# \% f- K* |$ N4 n
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attachment:Differentiation Therapy * w! `' m) Q1 L1 ?: W# f% SThe Cancer Handbook 1st Edition. Edited by Malcolm R. Alison 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. * a& h# X. C9 X8 p4 {[attach]23969[/attach]作者: 恒宇 时间: 2011-4-9 10:28
转化之后的肿瘤细胞呈现出的表型是不是稳定的呢?. {9 u" t: R5 C7 c# D. d
现在看来复发的概率还是很高的,只能延长生存期,还不能彻底治愈作者: 清风闲云 时间: 2011-5-5 22:03
回复 beyondhl 的帖子 ( N( c4 }& C1 C% j 3 ]6 z. r$ Y, e+ i% g* \1 S1 g其实由本人所见,治愈率很高而复发率并不高。3 ?' b/ U8 \; s6 I3 A5 o
我现在是一名华西的在读本科生,我们医院血液科白血病患者很多,现在由王振义院士发现的全反式维甲酸和他的夫妻学生陈竺、陈赛娟发现的三氧化二砷目前在临床上有着非常广泛的应用。在治疗RARa基因阳性的M3型白血病患者中,治愈率可以高达90%以上,而复发的患者很少见。 ~+ _. F \2 _8 r4 v0 I
这样的发现真的是值得称颂的。作者: 清风闲云 时间: 2011-5-5 22:23
附上陈竺最新的Blood文献摘要。 7 Q U8 }6 p1 y, G, uFrom an old remedy to a magic bullet: molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of arsenic in fighting leukemia. # H) O4 e6 C0 R+ k& l% cChen SJ, Zhou GB, Zhang XW, Mao JH, de The H, Chen Z." h% K9 p' |' V0 O
SourceShanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;9 h r% h" Q7 @6 U' ~
Abstract2 O/ E$ o/ B+ n7 }
Arsenic (As) had been used in treating malignancies from the 18th to mid-20th century. In the last three decades, arsenic was revived and shown to be able to induce complete remission and achieve, when combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy, a 5-year overall survival of 90% in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) driven by the t(15;17) translocation-generated PML-RARα fusion. Molecularly, arsenic binds thiol residues and induces the formation of reactive oxygen species, thus affecting numerous signaling pathways. Interestingly, arsenic directly binds the C3HC4 zinc finger motif in the RBCC domain of PML and PML-RARα, induces their homodimerization and multimerization, and enhances their interaction with the SUMO E2 conjugase Ubc9, facilitating subsequent sumoylation/ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Arsenic-caused intermolecular disulfide formation in PML also contributes to PML-As binding. ATRA which targets RARα moiety of PML-RARα, synergizes with arsenic in eliminating leukemia-initiating cells. Arsenic perturbs a number of proteins involved in other hematological malignancies, including chronic myeloid leukemia and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, where it may bring new therapeutic benefits. The successful revival of arsenic in APL, together with modern mechanistic studies, has thus allowed a new paradigm to emerge in translational medicine. : ^8 u3 y! u; {$ Z F' G6 V作者: beyondhl 时间: 2011-5-6 18:49
有人说王先生的这项工作应该获诺贝尔奖,他1988年发表在《Blood》上的那篇paper:USE OF ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA 是迄今为止来自中国大陆的作者中引用次数最高的文章,已被引用1559次(Web of Science 数据),是中国大陆最牛的牛文。) o* w+ ?8 ~1 E6 E# r% m n
但诺贝尔奖是鼓励原创性的工作多,维甲酸能抑制肿瘤增值并不是王振义首先发现的,早在1971年,德国科学家就报道了在动物活体体内的维甲酸的抗肿瘤活性;另外维甲酸诱导早幼粒细胞白血病细胞分化也并非是王振义首先发现的,在1980年,美国癌症研究所的科学家就在PNAS(美国科学院院刊)上报告了这一结果。& m- R8 w( P) H# d" }, X
王振义院士可能是胆子比较大,抱着死马当活马医的心态,并在当时的中国特色医疗环境下,抱着试一试的态度,把这种药首先应用到了患者身上,并取得了出乎意料的效果。成为近三十年来中国医学界最大的一个医学科学成果,所以贡献是大大的,但原创性还是不够的。作者: marrowstem 时间: 2011-5-6 20:22