回复 qingtinglueshui 的帖子( m8 Z+ b+ g5 ^+ G9 z2 J O \: o
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Specification在发育学中的定义：8 V- w% k- R' W8 ?
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The process of commitment can be divided into two stages (Harrison 1933; Slack 1991). The first stage is a labile phase called specification. The fate of a cell or a tissue is said to be specified when it is capable of differentiating autonomously when placed in a neutral environment, such as a petri dish or test tube. (The environment is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.) At this stage, the commitment is still capable of being reversed. The second stage of commitment is determination. A cell or tissue is said to be determined when it is capable of differentiating autonomously even when placed into another region of the embryo. If it is able to differentiate according to its original fate even under these circumstances, it is assumed that the commitment is irreversible.9 k( b* }7 B+ R% o/ ]
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中文翻译为“特化”。意思是在一个中性环境中，细胞或组织能够自动分化（向特定方向）的特性，这时细胞命运仍是可逆的。而如果放在非中性（不同于发育过程的）环境中，细胞或组织仍能自动分化为特定lineage，那就是“决定”了。5 Y- }2 F4 _6 d2 P9 S
$ V: K6 G s% o干细胞发育生物学中使用该词举例：5 B" d( d* E+ ?3 C
somatic lineage specification ! [; ^) U p; h: ]5 |6 h! x5 Jearly specification of the endoderm tissues 6 J: L4 M1 X! [8 t, |3 hOct4 is essential in the first embryonic lineage specification $ @+ ~/ H# l% w$ D3 Q$ h/ k2 s# jcell fate specifications - c) j0 [, W$ GThe specification of the motor neurons into these different columns is controlled, in large part, by genes in the HOX complexes: }0 K: c! g, o* p. {1 [& c5 ?
Integration of neuronal differentiation with neuronal subtype specification _ p7 k# v2 }+ C
Cell fate specification; m+ j* f0 Y0 C+ E9 l
lineage specification in ES cell; k$ U2 [5 b7 I0 u% v8 s: |' A ]
Specification of diverse cell types from pluripotent cells is determined by the expression of a precise set of genes, 1 h' T" R2 s5 G1 J5 J4 Y* adevelopmental specification of HSCs" j/ L) F) z( ^/ T. W8 C/ b
CELL SIGNALING REGULATES PE/EPI SPECIFICATION $ Y+ I2 S7 e: d5 j- n2 especification signals such as Activin A to promote hESCs differentiation, " R `7 ~2 s4 q. L7 POne of the first events during mammalian development is the formation or specification of the germ cell lineage9 x. g! F% i0 l
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发育过程不同阶段，如胚胎、胚层、组织、细胞等，有不同的specification过程。理解了这个，你的翻译就不难了。作者: huangcong1988 时间: 2011-6-6 13:07
specification 有特异性 的意思，表示 特定 如你上述那句话（mir-302 Controls Mesoderm and Endoderm Specification in hESCs），可译作：mir-302 在人胚胎干细胞中特异性调控内胚层和中胚层的发育，这应该是一个paper的题目吧？作者: kittybruce 时间: 2011-6-6 13:34