3 G( M! z( M; ]8 e& S3 ynaturalkillerce导语：奥地利科学家发现确保干细胞正确发育和避免凋亡的两种关键基因TSC/Tuberin和PRAS40，若关闭这两种基因，则干细胞发生凋亡。现编译如下： 5 ~& {5 r% v+ a# w: R) i% y: i& V4 O2 D' X4 ~2 h4 n 研究背景： $ o4 T, J4 k% p7 a4 u人体在细胞死亡和组织破裂和来自干细胞的组织再生之间维持稳定平衡。干细胞有潜力发育成其他类型细胞，如皮肤细胞、肌细胞或神经细胞，因而对组织重建是关键的。比如人类胃细胞只能存活两天。皮肤细胞最多存活四周。肺细胞大约80天之后死亡，而红细胞大约120天之后死亡。, |7 B/ g- @/ ]' X, g
6 v5 r/ Y" O6 M$ h C4 b 研究成果： * t# j% Y$ f" D' B- C3 d d维也纳医学大学医学遗传研究所主任Markus Hengstschläger领导的一个研究小组在《Human Molecular Genetics》杂志上发表论文，发现两种基因TSC/Tuberin和PRAS40是干细胞发育的两种极其重要的调节物：如果关闭这两种基因，干细胞不能发育，相反会因程序性细胞死亡而凋亡，同时也证实这两种蛋白是干细胞发育所需的，也是干细胞再生和分化过程所需的。4 W" q7 H) F- B8 W
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这两种蛋白TSC/Tuberin和PRAS40对干细胞发育是关键性的，决定着干细胞是否正确发育或经历凋亡，也就是它们发挥着“看门人”的作用。; |, Q( d: h$ z$ s. n( T
# Y, K& M. a2 v0 l f% M Z( T研究意义： , R+ h7 t& M7 V( o2 L( ]4 a3 P发现两种非常重要的干细胞关键基因，它们对于干细胞正确发育，即再生和分化，是必需的。这样研究人员可以通过这两种基因操纵干细胞发育。 * Q' P. ?& q# f' d2 L" s, O* i5 _- G7 Y/ U9 P( F0 r2 a# ~ 原文信息：1 K# K6 m, T8 z7 P. v1 Y) \- ~2 s
Tuberin and PRAS40 are anti-apoptotic gatekeepers during early human amniotic fluid stem cell differentiation. & x: V, {+ b- m1 u+ ?C. Fuchs, M. Rosner, H. Dolznig, M. Mikula, N. Kramer, M. Hengstschlager. % y8 ~( u g7 d) }8 \% V& [$ K
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- ^0 }3 i. `' D Key Gene Function Against Cell Death Discovered 3 T% M. k+ L- b/ d% X7 g ( ], k: I" G6 K, \# g% UScienceDaily (Nov. 21, 2011) — A team of researchers at the MedUni Vienna's Institute of Medical Genetics has discovered that two genes (TSC/Tuberin and PRAS40) are extremely important regulators in the development of stem cells: if these genes are switched off, the stem cells do not develop but instead die a programmed cell death. * X b0 |! \) U& a1 {5 Q , v) u& T5 U: P* o) K2 iThe group led by Markus Hengstschläger, Director of the Institute of Medical Genetics at the MedUni Vienna, has been able to prove in a paper now published in the journal Human Molecular Genetics, that stem cells need both of these proteins to develop and be involved in the regeneration and differentiation processes in cells. ' a& L* ~, O/ H 0 D% H: n* n5 U1 m. S' fThe human body maintains a stable equilibrium between cell death and the breakdown of tissue and the regeneration of tissue from stem cells. Stem cells have the potential to develop into other types of cells such as skin, muscle or nerve cells and are therefore crucial for the rebuilding of tissue. A human stomach cells, for example, lives only two days. Skin cells live for up to four weeks. A lung cell dies after around 80 days and a red blood cell dies after around 120 days.$ d& q$ l% ?# u
) @3 b1 U8 h+ t% J: C1 aThe two proteins TSC (tuberin) and PRAS40 are crucial for this development, deciding whether the stem cell develops correctly or undergoes apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death. They act, as it were, as 'gatekeepers'. e# c$ [7 n! ^" ?5 g' X4 `: X+ k! l# o+ E! O, O0 J http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111121085618.htm作者: michaelgibh 时间: 2011-11-23 00:26