5 {. H+ j8 \; m' k" z[attach]49711[/attach]* b n) X3 O& K: h! X
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v5 Q1 e* r+ wRESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS 2 P2 d1 `" {4 Z& A- T% V3 M" d: o4 m
Spatial processing: Connecting up the grid | PDF (124 KB) * F$ n; ]" Z0 xp153 | doi:10.1038/nrn3457 / x, i$ f: `( o0 `9 C9 v2 V+ Q/ y; `- a. T1 l) p- H
The distinctive firing patterns of grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex are dependent on excitatory inputs from the hippocampus and local connections between these cells and fast-spiking interneurons. 2 V9 m3 [/ }; |+ r, H 5 W5 F# g8 n& L* c9 SLearning and memory: Knockout blow for 'memory molecule' | PDF (428 KB) 9 x% B ^( k+ v9 W( dp154 | doi:10.1038/nrn3441 - h% s' n2 e1 T, z- n) `9 d3 I# \
Protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) is thought to be essential for the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory, but two new studies show that mice lacking PKMζ have normal memories and can undergo normal LTP, casting doubt on the importance of PKMζ for these processes.+ i7 T w+ Z4 {2 w; K/ | y6 t
" s# b, U' P' f, j. b/ OPain: Microglia take control in chronic pain | PDF (123 KB)) h# n& ^6 i! C* w; a
p154 | doi:10.1038/nrn3442 6 ]. L3 q; A8 Y R9 T9 Y; M; L7 w4 V& T) I
Microglia activation, BDNF release and the subsequent effect on Cl− homeostasis in spinal lamina I neurons have been shown to play key parts in the hyperalgesia side effect of chronic morphine. ; j" U* t' G# E! s+ j$ \% `& k# \) ?# M/ ?2 W2 c
Auditory system: Turn it up a notch | PDF (424 KB) 3 f! F& X' W3 O/ mp155 | doi:10.1038/nrn34470 v# ?9 l2 e/ H' k8 B% z
2 B! v$ M8 y8 v* @Pharmacological inhibition of Notch signalling partially reverses hearing loss in mice by enabling the generation of new auditory hair cells in the inner ear. $ V+ t8 ?& q1 [$ Q4 Z) V+ x) y. T4 Z/ f' G0 g" D& y2 ?
Development: A light touch for eye development | PDF (151 KB) 2 F) n# j, t( x) f* L, u+ f; ^p156 | doi:10.1038/nrn3454 4 Z* c$ R2 l# G3 Z # w+ J+ N4 K% @A new study shows that the proper development of the vasculature of the mouse eye depends on the detection of light in the womb by fetal melanopsin.- X* l v+ Q4 i3 M9 W5 g2 J
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Cell biology of the neuron: Fuelling transport | PDF (190 KB)+ Z5 X8 N$ L- \; |# K
p156 | doi:10.1038/nrn3463 1 {" r- E* b! H& y' ~* ]0 ~5 T% S Y* w! B
The ATP required for the fast axonal transport of vesicles may be generated by vesicle-tethered glycolytic machinery.% `, R, I( u: n& r: h
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Glia: An astrocytic generation gap | PDF (731 KB)8 T X- [3 R2 D. T9 W6 N
p157 | doi:10.1038/nrn3446 0 [+ w5 T# l- X5 L8 \* b4 U X8 T
Astrocytic Ca2+ signalling in response to neural activity only occurs in astrocytes from developing brains. 4 f% o* L! c% I2 [2 u+ s- d! @" I$ ^0 @1 C( x
Sensory processing: A gate for sensory responses | PDF (182 KB)1 K7 j1 @# N. S' O l1 P1 y
p158 | doi:10.1038/nrn34552 r) d9 @- X. g- G& w' J! m [; D
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Spontaneous, irregular cortical activity in sensory cortex may reflect top-down control of the representation of sensory stimuli.# T7 Y. [3 Q0 G3 E7 q Q
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Neural circuits: Stop 'n' go | PDF (150 KB)3 n4 E. t6 N- M+ a) o, J; \
p158 | doi:10.1038/nrn3456 + n5 h: b3 C' R) ^- g # z1 f' R' _' I* n6 C) J5 I' ESpiny projection neurons in the direct and indirect pathways act simultaneously to initiate movement.. m/ o& G5 e' X- @
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Learning and memory: Austerity measures for memory | PDF (185 KB) 5 {3 _. U8 e& Q. i$ M; Mp159 | doi:10.1038/nrn3462+ U- a: C& B; |9 h& N9 `$ K4 A# M. u
, @" C3 Q5 Q" K! [Under conditions of reduced food availability, the Drosophila melanogaster brain responds by switching from a more energy-demanding memory consolidation process involving protein synthesis to a less costly process that does not.# ?. l; F; S$ J0 u; o2 U4 B
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IN BRIEF ( {* f+ f- i, x! y: N" C* ISleep: Adenosine-based antidepressants? | PDF (179 KB) & _5 C I( B. T$ D8 N9 M2 ]8 i5 m! q$ tp154 | doi:10.1038/nrn34482 M7 j8 d, ]5 G5 a/ y
! e# s& o2 j+ |Psychiatric disorders: Focusing on flaws | PDF (307 KB)8 c5 r5 _ s+ {; g2 c3 w" A
p154 | doi:10.1038/nrn3449 - T3 X$ V) F2 J' d: i& K/ E% m: x' Z) m: S4 s) O
Cell fate: A new way of reprogramming | PDF (306 KB) ! D: I7 A5 A0 |& X! p" g+ V; kp154 | doi:10.1038/nrn3450 3 N5 P4 f( H# [3 C4 l, X' i7 Q 1 T0 q k7 B: cBehaviour: It's all in the wiring | PDF (306 KB)+ C+ x% @6 F+ A' U* M- w! |4 l6 z/ `
p154 | doi:10.1038/nrn3451. I I) B/ |* f- X) K$ \
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Epigenetics: Timing female puberty | PDF (183 KB) ! F8 g# w' N& f6 n. Pp156 | doi:10.1038/nrn3458 , o7 q$ I: F1 N/ z" W z* _7 w: q( M3 H# k
Neurodevelopmental disorders: Lovastatin as fragile X therapy | PDF (183 KB)6 Z: `/ H$ Z9 [, M1 U
p156 | doi:10.1038/nrn3459 7 f$ l$ @* Y. K- G8 ?1 {* W* d+ \1 K: u% ?
Sensory systems: Stroke-sensitive neurons uncovered | PDF (183 KB)1 N# z2 z* L& L
p156 | doi:10.1038/nrn34607 x$ I' C" G0 h
& c4 s4 t6 G. B4 W# B( OPlasticity: The power of silence | PDF (183 KB)4 T$ K0 S. z* ~) N; r
p156 | doi:10.1038/nrn3461 8 @, T4 ] R x1 {. N, w/ o / f4 r3 u3 g, Y3 J" g4 Itop of page L3 Y' m; r: V8 c( MREVIEWS ; g5 w0 j! \ W. \, ?8 P$ l; I$ n. X0 I3 B1 E! v- O9 O# `
Axonal transport deficits and neurodegenerative diseases7 u4 X. _; J3 `
Stéphanie Millecamps & Jean-Pierre Julien' S3 \" }$ g- `1 u- o. B( i5 O
p161 | doi:10.1038/nrn33806 ~* [/ P4 U6 a+ s
& h% u/ a. L6 jDefects in axonal transport are a feature of various neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, Millecamps and Julien provide an overview of the components of the microtubule-based axonal transport system, before examining how defects in this system might cause or influence neurodegeneration in various diseases. & l5 z9 @2 @% I$ g2 N6 E- u6 X; J% T/ V& M3 _9 \
AbstractFull TextPDF (1,364 KB)5 F8 ~$ q H6 ^. q3 E' s3 a1 F
Long-distance retrograde neurotrophic factor signalling in neurons5 [" `; V6 ^& ^3 A1 i9 O+ _
Anthony W. Harrington & David D. Ginty7 K1 n( F' E0 v7 Z5 r
p177 | doi:10.1038/nrn32539 _+ J$ j r# M; |1 D, n# v' w& k
3 j' d7 Z! ?* Q5 X; ZThe distal axon and soma of a neuron may be a considerable distance apart, but they are still required to efficiently communicate with each other. In this Review, Harrington and Ginty examine how long-distance retrograde growth factor signalling is achieved between these compartments and its functions.4 E, h1 t f+ q" ~
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AbstractFull TextPDF (1,204 KB)! M0 ?4 o7 e& M$ W4 O
Attentional enhancement of spatial resolution: linking behavioural and neurophysiological evidence 7 D& `+ `( x+ W4 D2 m9 P vKatharina Anton-Erxleben & Marisa Carrasco . K o2 i. L) ~5 }5 e8 r# D+ Gp188 | doi:10.1038/nrn3443, D( L: ]7 n6 p; T
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Attention can enhance performance in tasks that involve the visual system's spatial resolution. In this Review, Anton-Erxleben and Carrasco propose a framework that seeks to explain this effect and that also has implications for the representation of spatial information.4 X9 ?. f( O* r( W. \& b# s" v$ N f
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top of page + h3 b5 m7 P0 R. EANALYSIS; N/ S# M [6 W3 a; k! K* S$ z% C
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New insights into the classification and nomenclature of cortical GABAergic interneurons $ e/ r3 H7 {' H5 iJavier DeFelipe, Pedro L. López-Cruz, Ruth Benavides-Piccione, Concha Bielza, Pedro Larrañaga, Stewart Anderson, Andreas Burkhalter, Bruno Cauli, Alfonso Fairén, Dirk Feldmeyer, Gord Fishell, David Fitzpatrick, Tamás F. Freund, Guillermo González-Burgos, Shaul Hestrin, Sean Hill, Patrick R. Hof, Josh Huang, Edward G. Jones, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Zoltán Kisvárday, Yoshiyuki Kubota, David A. Lewis, Oscar Marín, Henry Markram, Chris J. McBain, Hanno S. Meyer, Hannah Monyer, Sacha B. Nelson, Kathleen Rockland, Jean Rossier, John L. R. Rubenstein, Bernardo Rudy, Massimo Scanziani, Gordon M. Shepherd, Chet C. Sherwood, Jochen F. Staiger, Gábor Tamás, Alex Thomson, Yun Wang, Rafael Yuste & Giorgio A. Ascoli ' m9 ^3 M5 O: vp202 | doi:10.1038/nrn3444: ^, V) p: O( m7 U
) [& @- M: X- }) }! [The classification of cortical neurons, including interneurons, remains a thorny issue in neuroscience. This Analysis article presents and tests a possible taxonomical solution for classifying cortical GABAergic interneurons based on a web-based interactive system that allows experts to classify neurons with pre-determined morphological criteria. : R$ b8 o }' ~7 {3 k: K8 w ! o, l* _) y( V3 TAbstractFull TextPDF (1,768 KB) Supplementary information 6 ^$ ~5 U; p9 B4 |; etop of page $ S- j F$ E' U6 [' c9 m2 p! uPERSPECTIVES 3 j/ e5 p6 V; Q9 C% d: b4 [' B. O& }; ^# E* U7 w
OPINION+ \$ c2 J, g5 p8 q: q/ B
The inner sense of time: how the brain creates a representation of duration ) _. M2 B: l) Y4 ^7 }8 L- vMarc Wittmann ]# q) R4 j7 u% P* S- O4 J. g
p217 | doi:10.1038/nrn3452 I: b- S0 S: H& \" g: _7 i0 c) O( i1 c5 M; V; x
The neural mechanisms underlying the perception of duration have proved difficult to unravel and remain unclear. Here, Wittmann explores why this has been the case and presents recent theoretical developments and empirical findings indicating that 'climbing' neural activity has a central role in time perception." G2 B2 r# ]) C6 H/ ~. x7 r. r! [
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AbstractFull TextPDF (370 KB)作者: botizhou 时间: 2013-2-21 11:47