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在积累了大量的研究成果之后,Weissman教授立即联合另外三名科学家创办了Forty Seven(这个名字应该是直接来源于CD47),并将实验室的100多项专利全部授权给Forty Seven,其中就包括CD47的免疫检查点抑制剂Hu5F9-G4。
$ E9 g( K# M+ C5 b) R4 p; X 目前在全球范围内主要有4家公司在研发针对CD47的药物,除了Tioma Therapeutics和Forty Seven之外,还有Celgene和Trillium Therapeutics。
8 Z" S0 B& c6 l Celgene的CD47抗体CC-90002是2012年从Inhibrx获取授权,2015年CC-90002开启了两个I期临床试验实体瘤和血癌患者的招募工作。Trillium Therapeutics的CD47抗体是今年1月27日,以3200万美元的价格从Fluorinov Pharma买的。就在8月17日,Trillium也宣布,它的CD47抗体TTI-621也获得FDA的临床试验批准,即将开展实体瘤的I期临床试验。
, N, O' `7 n8 W Celgene的临床前动物实验表明,CD47抗体CC-90002几乎对所有的肿瘤类型都有效果。不仅如此,在使用CD47抗体药物之后,巨噬细胞会吞噬大量的肿瘤细胞,此时释放到环境中的肿瘤特异性抗体又会激活T细胞(12),所以这是一个正向的免疫调节机制。
* [, `! U6 k$ N- }& X+ w/ W& M 更让人感到意外和惊喜的是,上个月,Weissman团队在《自然》杂志撰文称(13),CD47抗体还可以用于治疗心脏病。心脑血管疾病和癌症是目前人类最大的两个死因,没想到居然要同时被CD47抗体拿下了。真是一箭双雕。再回过头来看Google、BMS和Roche等的投资,真心觉得值了。& O7 @- }0 b, u a* V6 G
癌症免疫治疗的另一波高潮要来了!5 Y, a4 ]- D" Q7 y# [6 @( C
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参考资料: c: [' F9 T0 N( F
【1】Couzin-Frankel J. 2013. Cancer Immunotherapy. Science 342:1432-31 j* z+ I( T+ o0 R# H0 G1 b9 ]
【2】Steidl C, Lee T, Shah SP, Farinha P, Han G, et al. 2010. Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Survival in Classic Hodgkin's Lymphoma. New England Journal of Medicine 362:875-851 k* o z* N9 w6 `5 h6 h
【3】Biswas SK, Mantovani A. 2010. Macrophage plasticity and interaction with lymphocyte subsets: cancer as a paradigm. Nat Immunol 11:889-96
/ g! z, f( _8 [- @3 N1 X# @5 v" t【4】Brown E, Hooper L, Ho T, Gresham H. 1990. Integrin-associated protein: a 50-kD plasma membrane antigen physically and functionally associated with integrins. The Journal of Cell Biology 111:2785-94, @) Z+ I% C3 L5 }
【5】Gao A-G, Lindberg FP, Finn MB, Blystone SD, Brown EJ, Frazier WA. 1996. Integrin-associated Protein Is a Receptor for the C-terminal Domain of Thrombospondin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271:21-4
+ k. }+ M$ T# Q; v- X! A6 x【6】Jiang P, Lagenaur CF, Narayanan V. 1999. Integrin-associated Protein Is a Ligand for the P84 Neural Adhesion Molecule. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274:559-62
1 P# N1 @" H" O【7】Jaiswal S, Jamieson CHM, Pang WW, Park CY, Chao MP, et al. 2009. CD47 Is Upregulated on Circulating Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia Cells to Avoid Phagocytosis. Cell 138:271-85
0 V0 A6 V% q7 r. R) t2 M【8】Majeti R, Chao MP, Alizadeh AA, Pang WW, Jaiswal S, et al. 2009. CD47 Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor and Therapeutic Antibody Target on Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. Cell 138:286-99
6 S" a' W# |+ {! {# ~! C: h【9】Feng M, Chen JY, Weissman-Tsukamoto R, Volkmer J-P, Ho PY, et al. 2015. Macrophages eat cancer cells using their own calreticulin as a guide: Roles of TLR and Btk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112:2145-50
, @ d% o T; b; g【10】Vonderheide RH. 2015. CD47 blockade as another immune checkpoint therapy for cancer. Nat Med 21:1122-3! K- d, o% ~8 X$ \- o
【11】Morrison C. 2016. Immuno-oncologists eye up macrophage targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 15:373-4$ y5 z2 \$ e8 }* j- a j
【12】Tseng D, Volkmer J-P, Willingham SB, Contreras-Trujillo H, Fathman JW, et al. 2013. Anti-CD47 antibody-mediated phagocytosis of cancer by macrophages primes an effective antitumor T-cell response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110:11103-86 F, `- ? `$ c" I0 Z& h* ?
【13】Kojima Y, Volkmer J-P, McKenna K, Civelek M, Lusis AJ, et al. 2016. CD47-blocking antibodies restore phagocytosis and prevent atherosclerosis. Nature 536:86-90- C; ]' h7 u O l
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