最新文献：miRNAs 在干细胞自我更新和分化中的调控作用

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  p; s' a- L# Q2 r' b1 }8 \3 f& J安洋, 安铁洙, 滕春波& ?$ ~5 a2 c! g7 y, U. t1 \
东北林业大学生命科学学院发育生物学研究室, 哈尔滨 150040
+ |  E7 U7 X- |' I, p. X" h摘要: 干细胞与 microRNAs(miRNAs)均为近年来研究的热点问题。干细胞是一类具有自我更新与多项分化潜
/ i( y1 Y0 {7 n3 h% n( \+ v能的细胞, 因与生物发育和癌症发生的密切联系而越来越受到人们的重视。miRNAs 是一类长约22nt 的小分子
6 n3 x8 K" E, t1 I9 Z非编码RNA, 具有高度的种间保守性和时空特异性, 在转录后水平调节靶基因的表达, 是细胞内基因表达的基4 g$ b% y' g+ b0 q
本调控机制之一。最近的一些研究表明, miRNAs 在干细胞的自我更新和分化过程中具有重要的调控作用。这
6 D4 [# l0 v* M' i/ S- i些研究主要采用两种策略: (1)缺失/突变干细胞中miRNAs 合成途径必需酶(包括Dicer1、Loqs、DGCR8、Argnaute
3 F: c9 V* V4 u  Q: F3 T& }蛋白等), 通过细胞特性变化来研究其功能; (2)直接筛选干细胞中的特异性miRNAs 并研究其功能。针对干细胞
5 `5 C* q( D! z- d0 Z6 b  e中miRNAs 的研究对深入了解干细胞自我更新和分化的机制以及干细胞的鉴定具有重要的意义。文章基于近年
3 w* C* y. |- @! j* ?& ?8 x; Y$ r来的研究对干细胞相关的miRNAs 进行了综述。
% b1 h; t# ^5 b* y5 w关键词: 干细胞; 干性维持; 分化; miRNAs8 T7 C3 @; u+ z
miRNAs play an essential role in stem cell self-renewal and" L: [4 t- C3 m+ R( M& W# d
differentiation
* L' W+ H- f2 l( }0 P  UAN Yang, AN Tie-Zhu, TENG Chun-Bo
- K; |# k% }( XLaboratory of Animal Development Biology, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
* c  T  ^8 y7 }, EAbstract: Stem cells and miRNAs are two of the most intriguing research topics in recent years. Stem cells with% D; y& E( E( i; b8 ^; @
properties of self-renewal and multipotency are remarkable cells since they play key roles in animal development9 Z0 [5 M  U) Y$ L0 j0 }4 a
and tumorigenesis. microRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22nt non-coding RNAs, which have spatiotemporally specific expression& N/ X; H4 g- g/ ?2 s' T
patterns, and are highly conserved between species. Researchers have demonstrated that miRNAs can
# h1 B  A6 I8 I3 R9 r1 nregulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level, and their action is one of the essential intracellular regulatory7 A+ F8 _. u5 [6 v$ o
pathways. Recent evidence showed that miRNAs can regulate stem cells self-renewal and differentiation. The
+ ]6 s( H% W) j, E1 `evidence mostly derived from the following research strategies: (1) deletion or mutation of the genes that encoding, t! D- a; n5 e0 z9 }
essential enzymes for miRNAs biogenesis, such as Dicer1, Loqs, DGCR8, and Argonaute; (2) screening of specific
2 e2 m% w6 S, v" G. mmiRNAs from stem cells and investigation of their function. Comprehension of the miRNAs functions in stem
/ f! U; w- {, D* s3 A( ycells is of great importance for further understanding their self-renewal and differentiation mechanism, as well as
* {6 @! x, {" y, r8 ]' A$ d0 i- t" [identification of stem cells. This paper reviews the potential roles of miRNAs in stem cellson the basis of recent
# G4 [# \' U! @( {5 C! M( gresearches.* B6 w7 ~# p7 V; X
Keywords: stem cells; stemness maintenance; differentiation; miRNAs. T: J( I  i! D2 C1 i1 ^, z

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