PDF电子书：Epigenetics and Human Health

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Preface0 _: |' E2 e9 {% D0 m
XV
- v2 F: L4 v5 c. h/ P7 GWe all know only too well that our way of life, the food we eat, smoking, stress or4 f1 Z; ]/ O) s; N+ @! ]
environmental toxins infl uence our health. But we have just started to learn how4 ^4 u9 }$ d9 J; W0 g$ k: t+ O1 H
these environmental factors cooperate with our hereditary genetic dispositions to
5 \& E! c5 y" c' j% W. G4 w* R. ndetermine health or the development of diseases., `9 @% U) X! K4 y
Moreover, we did not know until recently that all these factors may also infl uence. [7 B3 i4 ]" i' o# g
the health of our children and grandchildren to whom we may transmit2 {( z/ W% w' A6 I
functional changes of our genes. Are we really responsible for the well - being of
3 K- `5 h% M: c. m" b/ g/ gour unborn descendants?" J8 F! ?; X/ h7 J: A5 b
Does nutrition or stress in our early childhood and in our daily life determine
# Y# J6 n# M( P: \  r) C1 Hfunctions of genes and tissues by epigenetic mechanisms? And how does this
" r3 M2 Q9 m: i& Y& [& U9 _9 Tinfl uence change during life affecting ageing and longevity? To what extent is. i# J  C0 }: Z# \5 A! x( u4 B
there an inheritance of environmentally acquired characteristics? These are1 \0 ~* n  w% b2 a
main questions in epigenetics, a new and exciting hot topic in natural sciences' R5 C4 L0 p4 J1 B
linking multiple hereditary and environmental impacts on our health ( http://www.
# g( g& l) `( t/ H1 Tintegratedhealthcare.eu ).
8 E' u) X% h4 N5 n& a+ t1 D/ OIt has been noted in an article “ Epigenetics: The Science of Change ” of the
' p/ j. j( V9 I* GEnvironmental Health Perspectives , that interest in epigenetics is increasing “ as it6 C5 ]* Z+ G, I" c/ {& s1 J
has become clear that understanding epigenetics and epigenomics – the genomewide& k: t4 Q- g0 Z* T, F  F& r8 y
distribution of epigenetic changes – will be essential in work related to2 Y8 Z' b$ z; N  @/ e: H
many other topics requiring a thorough understanding of all aspects of genetics,6 ^# J4 n: _4 {" [# C1 m
such as stem cells, cloning, aging, synthetic biology, species conservation, evolution,/ N) @; Q! [3 U$ h
and agri culture ” ( http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-3/focus.
% P6 r: K5 a6 l+ T' Z, T, Dhtml ). Because of this interaction of epigenetics with so many scientifi c and
2 q' S7 [. q/ H+ ^% m& C: Qtechnological fi elds, epigenetics will be at the center of public, governmental and/ ]- ]9 _8 t9 M  u2 l4 b
scientifi c interest.
6 P1 Y* [$ b! w0 M& [2 b2 pThere are now great books available which thoroughly describe mechanisms of2 b& ?4 \0 l- }/ J2 f2 a
epigenetics. The idea for this book was born at a meeting at the University of
% }' V/ n1 @$ YVienna where participants from different areas of nutrition, environmental and
% _* G9 Z8 K6 [6 C: ]molecular biology stressed the need of more discussion on concepts towards
* |" z+ Y% @& V: h4 |environmental health interactions between scientists of these disciplines.$ z0 N' u' |" b" s' u9 n  {
Clearly the more optimistic aspect of the possibility to prevent, interfere or even
6 X7 e$ G* F' f) L9 W( X! ^correct epigenetic marks which could result in hazards for diseases, e.g. by dietary
  C: a" y- ]$ E" Dconcepts or changes of our personal environment and lifestyle, encourages the: I' i( u) @# t0 n$ ]
work in epigenetics. In contrast many results from the analysis of hereditary
+ w8 ^" U) @& H9 N1 I7 R- Lgenetic dispositions can only be respected.
3 y1 C, I$ [+ ~* o+ yThis book picks a transdisciplinary approach focusing on the new understanding$ ^/ ]+ Z; Q  H/ G; Q$ K
of epigenetic and gene - environment interactions for scientifi c, biomedical,
- H+ G( g  ~; Rtoxicological, environmental, nutritional, evolutionary and regulatory aspects. It
; ?* C7 B& H0 L5 Z- F  afocuses on the views of the many exceptional scientists working in these different
% ^) M/ c# B. Y' G7 j7 _areas towards epigenetics and health environmental interactions.
7 U& W1 T7 I9 t+ e/ U4 WThe articles in Part I of the book emphasize the interactions between concepts6 W* E0 z% B1 _5 _0 f! ?
of genetic diversity, epigenetics, environmental health, molecular epidemiology,; B# {% m+ l) H* m
nutrition and evolution theory. Part II focuses on hereditary aspects, Part III on
8 d9 Y/ j( Q1 G' W4 |, Genvironmental and toxicological aspects. Part IV extends on nutritional aspects.
( I& Q: c- f& W" l7 h3 @* @In Part V the new understanding of epigenetics and environmental health interactions
7 _7 D1 \6 ~- v9 ^8 I% `3 vis detailed in case studies of fi elds such as gynecology, oncology, infectious, m7 I) W% S) W0 `% _1 l
diseases, asthma, or neurodegenerative diseases. The last Part VI explores concepts8 j) k. v6 D; t$ k% c0 V0 I
to translate the new understanding into public health policies and strategies
6 Q0 h* N( }% q( i6 Eincluding principal ethical aspects.
  d( @$ ~: ~  v0 AThe book is targeted at scientists, environmental, nutritional and health experts,
4 w& ~( C8 [# U( Y- wgeneticists, experts in science communication, policy makers, experts from standard
) s, F, X, g+ k7 K& B3 Bsetting authorities, teachers as well as scientifi cally experienced consumers: U0 d, {$ w5 M5 H3 I
interested in interdisciplinary aspects in this area.
: {5 p& _: G( z/ t+ q. {The major objective of the book is to strengthen the understanding of interactions1 |2 c4 M/ ]8 j, W$ \  [7 c
between hereditary, genetic and environmental interactions and to bridge* b9 d  z  P1 Z7 M& j
gaps which often have evolved between scientifi c disciplines of molecular, genetic* O& u+ C1 b* W5 ?, L2 v* H; m
and biotechnological areas on one side and environmental oriented sciences,
9 P7 X9 Q8 r' N0 o/ Sconservation biology and environmental health on the other.
( T$ d8 x; f' _' u" `: H9 HWe thank all the brilliant authors who have contributed, as the summary of their
0 c% w: ~# s9 j" s( G% ?( h0 Odistinguished views on this complex area is the essence of this book.7 B0 A) }7 H; j+ q" C) O
We do hope that you all enjoy the rather rough ride through the newly emerging
5 |' o2 g* q* e$ R8 t' sand exciting fi elds of epigenetics!
! U, V, o  ]; i& Z* e. JVienna, September 2009 Alexander G. Haslberger
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