PDF电子书：Epigenetics and Human Health

lifescience1

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Preface3 W6 J; N+ u1 K1 ?* U9 W6 c+ h  T+ n
XV
8 ~1 ]  R4 T2 R1 }4 \+ o& y  y& f9 I; }We all know only too well that our way of life, the food we eat, smoking, stress or
+ J2 f9 K0 Q7 ienvironmental toxins infl uence our health. But we have just started to learn how  `* A0 u6 x5 Q; s+ m4 E* i
these environmental factors cooperate with our hereditary genetic dispositions to
. E& s( T' M: o' z# Y) q, xdetermine health or the development of diseases.  [. F7 ^' J" F3 g, p
Moreover, we did not know until recently that all these factors may also infl uence
, c  f; y/ }+ zthe health of our children and grandchildren to whom we may transmit7 ~& \6 X" ^' o3 e) C, u- L
functional changes of our genes. Are we really responsible for the well - being of2 F! I! A' u2 k. n
our unborn descendants?9 P4 `4 E, D( y
Does nutrition or stress in our early childhood and in our daily life determine0 o8 T; L: Z! |' I( y' h
functions of genes and tissues by epigenetic mechanisms? And how does this
% {4 e9 u) l1 tinfl uence change during life affecting ageing and longevity? To what extent is0 I/ x* s' G  l0 f' G5 Y8 X
there an inheritance of environmentally acquired characteristics? These are$ N$ ~4 z' t' n$ j6 S
main questions in epigenetics, a new and exciting hot topic in natural sciences& s$ V+ ]8 L' Q( v8 U, O+ U' \
linking multiple hereditary and environmental impacts on our health ( http://www.' G. |8 |" s7 E5 a
integratedhealthcare.eu ).
. [% S  O4 C1 P8 T. hIt has been noted in an article “ Epigenetics: The Science of Change ” of the
% L- k7 ^* X9 jEnvironmental Health Perspectives , that interest in epigenetics is increasing “ as it
9 A8 h" B; A4 Khas become clear that understanding epigenetics and epigenomics – the genomewide7 U% J2 s: J7 `6 f
distribution of epigenetic changes – will be essential in work related to' G$ E3 x5 d7 p/ l9 w( Z
many other topics requiring a thorough understanding of all aspects of genetics,( G5 W. u! ?; [7 R3 Y  a% m+ s5 Y( @. s5 c
such as stem cells, cloning, aging, synthetic biology, species conservation, evolution,! |* X+ F/ P: X& I- T
and agri culture ” ( http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-3/focus.
) b; h/ P" x$ s/ ^- h8 zhtml ). Because of this interaction of epigenetics with so many scientifi c and$ V/ d* o: b8 ^
technological fi elds, epigenetics will be at the center of public, governmental and
6 D+ F  N$ b3 n7 M1 R8 k2 Z" v( h  ^scientifi c interest.2 w# ]4 ]" H+ O
There are now great books available which thoroughly describe mechanisms of. F8 b, @+ ?/ h9 ?) k7 N1 n6 u
epigenetics. The idea for this book was born at a meeting at the University of5 Y' @% K' B% o' U9 G. B
Vienna where participants from different areas of nutrition, environmental and/ }: n1 j4 s5 \6 {; j% h& H
molecular biology stressed the need of more discussion on concepts towards
6 E! `# j1 v  qenvironmental health interactions between scientists of these disciplines.
1 r8 `; i: H1 U" O8 SClearly the more optimistic aspect of the possibility to prevent, interfere or even6 f+ d6 i" u4 q! b( Y" O* i( K' D
correct epigenetic marks which could result in hazards for diseases, e.g. by dietary% E! T/ A" T& f; d
concepts or changes of our personal environment and lifestyle, encourages the
9 D- N& y: R8 @( i4 ^& h( _work in epigenetics. In contrast many results from the analysis of hereditary6 D% f& X% l2 A4 T, v3 _, n
genetic dispositions can only be respected.  U% l$ {5 w6 r! \
This book picks a transdisciplinary approach focusing on the new understanding$ C6 N9 F2 j, P" A5 m5 d' V# p
of epigenetic and gene - environment interactions for scientifi c, biomedical,& i" M) J+ I9 S& k- x
toxicological, environmental, nutritional, evolutionary and regulatory aspects. It" `5 M+ H6 q, }/ D/ m' p
focuses on the views of the many exceptional scientists working in these different  I' w' V) _/ [. ~" _: s; j
areas towards epigenetics and health environmental interactions.7 B/ a) _) E/ ?2 D. m4 F
The articles in Part I of the book emphasize the interactions between concepts7 b% g  R! C3 S) A1 ^
of genetic diversity, epigenetics, environmental health, molecular epidemiology,1 F1 Z6 Y$ q) q: L3 ~* U2 i
nutrition and evolution theory. Part II focuses on hereditary aspects, Part III on
2 @+ Q1 w( g8 W/ ienvironmental and toxicological aspects. Part IV extends on nutritional aspects.3 z: v# B/ ^& u
In Part V the new understanding of epigenetics and environmental health interactions3 j; W- C0 E. F% e% D  l' \
is detailed in case studies of fi elds such as gynecology, oncology, infectious, x! \7 D1 k  ~6 R/ m9 n: W
diseases, asthma, or neurodegenerative diseases. The last Part VI explores concepts
: ?$ S" E  V+ O+ T0 \  D) Jto translate the new understanding into public health policies and strategies* O9 F( Y! g& k7 {+ z5 S
including principal ethical aspects.; |: O. U  l7 A# k2 x
The book is targeted at scientists, environmental, nutritional and health experts,
* K; {" ^+ M8 x' _) J# y2 {geneticists, experts in science communication, policy makers, experts from standard
% a" [2 p. j' @' e. ysetting authorities, teachers as well as scientifi cally experienced consumers
% M7 O0 O; d/ q3 g, L% X, I; Winterested in interdisciplinary aspects in this area.
0 k: H5 U0 d, A" m- n; ^8 wThe major objective of the book is to strengthen the understanding of interactions* L5 b; q. K6 A0 v# I" m2 |7 [
between hereditary, genetic and environmental interactions and to bridge* q4 D) P  R. D# k  s* |3 \3 L: a
gaps which often have evolved between scientifi c disciplines of molecular, genetic
: s- s+ L. _8 R! {! mand biotechnological areas on one side and environmental oriented sciences,- l, k- C( D! b0 u
conservation biology and environmental health on the other.
+ Z, p9 B+ f4 J2 EWe thank all the brilliant authors who have contributed, as the summary of their
1 G, e+ S7 j7 p& I) Edistinguished views on this complex area is the essence of this book.' W8 t4 N' d9 }9 |. |' ^
We do hope that you all enjoy the rather rough ride through the newly emerging$ p" Y+ c, B1 `4 n, {1 a
and exciting fi elds of epigenetics!1 O6 H6 H. c$ y6 t. r. R
Vienna, September 2009 Alexander G. Haslberger6 p; w+ M' ?+ k/ G1 D8 @! K. W
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