PDF电子书：Epigenetics and Human Health

lifescience1

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Preface
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* h" U8 }; e1 k/ {9 o! R9 TWe all know only too well that our way of life, the food we eat, smoking, stress or
4 [+ L8 ^+ `! O, p0 \8 o# Y0 kenvironmental toxins infl uence our health. But we have just started to learn how
5 N# G  v5 g9 a) u* v& Ethese environmental factors cooperate with our hereditary genetic dispositions to
1 R. \3 z: m% K* E- L- bdetermine health or the development of diseases.
* v) A# G+ y4 |# L7 eMoreover, we did not know until recently that all these factors may also infl uence( t. k, f, b1 D8 T
the health of our children and grandchildren to whom we may transmit
. M% u% ]# ?% ?. @functional changes of our genes. Are we really responsible for the well - being of' H/ z9 y+ X# n, W
our unborn descendants?3 T% x) j1 i# m8 o$ R
Does nutrition or stress in our early childhood and in our daily life determine
+ D: L+ Z: r- M; V, W% @5 M2 xfunctions of genes and tissues by epigenetic mechanisms? And how does this, v' R/ b& z  N# z
infl uence change during life affecting ageing and longevity? To what extent is
7 m. [# F% D# y6 G4 R7 Athere an inheritance of environmentally acquired characteristics? These are
9 T" k4 h- C9 h3 [! gmain questions in epigenetics, a new and exciting hot topic in natural sciences. E: |0 A. ^% Q8 G" M* B
linking multiple hereditary and environmental impacts on our health ( http://www.$ A  O2 i$ v! Q2 v. B
integratedhealthcare.eu ).
- h7 J. E/ N1 y8 b; DIt has been noted in an article “ Epigenetics: The Science of Change ” of the
% ^) u/ I: L& J8 k. ~8 NEnvironmental Health Perspectives , that interest in epigenetics is increasing “ as it
! b! |# w% K6 S1 K3 w% m2 ohas become clear that understanding epigenetics and epigenomics – the genomewide; h% R2 r/ G3 {
distribution of epigenetic changes – will be essential in work related to( f% {8 a6 r6 U) m3 G
many other topics requiring a thorough understanding of all aspects of genetics,! g) W. ^( t* V2 f( c
such as stem cells, cloning, aging, synthetic biology, species conservation, evolution,
: H. n9 s' Z. ], u3 x! iand agri culture ” ( http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-3/focus.1 x& Q* U. \6 @8 j3 s$ d
html ). Because of this interaction of epigenetics with so many scientifi c and$ B! B# a3 u$ \% k1 q: Y% T
technological fi elds, epigenetics will be at the center of public, governmental and" y, ?& k! D+ a, _, J/ B9 d. V' g7 s
scientifi c interest.
' a/ N# @: X$ J2 [# qThere are now great books available which thoroughly describe mechanisms of4 q: d* ^1 {% }8 k
epigenetics. The idea for this book was born at a meeting at the University of
# R- ^1 [! @' V/ {Vienna where participants from different areas of nutrition, environmental and" b" y0 p: q6 n" z
molecular biology stressed the need of more discussion on concepts towards
6 {+ A$ U4 Z3 p' S) ?environmental health interactions between scientists of these disciplines.
! n: m* q0 b; l4 x5 YClearly the more optimistic aspect of the possibility to prevent, interfere or even0 J6 K  y* g2 J' W) p; V. W2 O! o
correct epigenetic marks which could result in hazards for diseases, e.g. by dietary
5 w6 A* K$ g0 a- o' K) Zconcepts or changes of our personal environment and lifestyle, encourages the" U& v7 q& z6 T- \% W9 X, S
work in epigenetics. In contrast many results from the analysis of hereditary
" H. _3 w; L* t6 C& g8 e! j  j0 e) }9 J6 f9 Rgenetic dispositions can only be respected.: U- ?8 B2 @9 f6 e, Y7 F
This book picks a transdisciplinary approach focusing on the new understanding
' {8 S$ I) }; S- Qof epigenetic and gene - environment interactions for scientifi c, biomedical,1 Z8 k7 l) ]9 I+ v! P; z
toxicological, environmental, nutritional, evolutionary and regulatory aspects. It
( O1 f3 ^6 v# Nfocuses on the views of the many exceptional scientists working in these different
' J4 j+ ?  [- [5 i# w# q8 [areas towards epigenetics and health environmental interactions.2 ^+ o! ~: a2 L  A7 i' U$ K; _  X
The articles in Part I of the book emphasize the interactions between concepts, K, z! u2 H' N+ S: n9 O$ k
of genetic diversity, epigenetics, environmental health, molecular epidemiology,2 p# D& ^2 I  e/ z$ O; d
nutrition and evolution theory. Part II focuses on hereditary aspects, Part III on
( j' w1 v$ g4 O  H  D  s2 Denvironmental and toxicological aspects. Part IV extends on nutritional aspects.2 V: X  F: J& a7 ]! J
In Part V the new understanding of epigenetics and environmental health interactions' S+ ]- s. e; |$ Q
is detailed in case studies of fi elds such as gynecology, oncology, infectious( f% o9 B5 ~- y8 J! s7 J
diseases, asthma, or neurodegenerative diseases. The last Part VI explores concepts
& j7 f: R( Y6 T/ v/ H4 k9 m) _to translate the new understanding into public health policies and strategies, m% t; Z/ J$ _
including principal ethical aspects.! P# l0 b" K- X! Q( ~3 j7 |
The book is targeted at scientists, environmental, nutritional and health experts,( n* }1 V5 s' o) a* W
geneticists, experts in science communication, policy makers, experts from standard
, P/ D5 u3 h% U; O* v7 ]' d" msetting authorities, teachers as well as scientifi cally experienced consumers
- b4 u. A  n1 x) q  m3 ~: ^interested in interdisciplinary aspects in this area.
% o9 O: m" @* r' j' pThe major objective of the book is to strengthen the understanding of interactions% z3 s/ k6 }( g8 N: D2 W, S9 |% ~
between hereditary, genetic and environmental interactions and to bridge9 u5 q5 b# ~$ W; @" l
gaps which often have evolved between scientifi c disciplines of molecular, genetic% C+ P4 e* \' l1 `
and biotechnological areas on one side and environmental oriented sciences,8 d. z% m4 q; D; n& z6 e
conservation biology and environmental health on the other.0 A* S2 u: X" O+ y( s
We thank all the brilliant authors who have contributed, as the summary of their
( j5 H0 g3 X! p: f  h  ndistinguished views on this complex area is the essence of this book.2 Q0 C# `- R0 |9 j! k
We do hope that you all enjoy the rather rough ride through the newly emerging
0 |3 Y; J5 j4 [* v! s- w* z, M: Hand exciting fi elds of epigenetics!
& @- |4 h0 f1 g% M# xVienna, September 2009 Alexander G. Haslberger
' N5 b$ A1 R; G" ^, b. q[hide][/hide]

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