《Nature》：iPSC引发自体免疫排斥反应

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一些名人的反应（摘自kittybruce网友提供的干细胞新闻） ：
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% a# N7 I( V2 N. P, k* |Other scientists said the results, published online on Friday in the journal Nature, were surprising. “The path to the clinic has just gotten a lot murkier,” said Dr. Robert Lanza, chief scientific officer of' l% K4 L, q8 l3 r) ~. g
Advanced Cell Technology, a company trying to develop medical treatments using both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. He said it was not clear that the results in mice would hold true for humans, though some other scientists said they assumed they would.) S$ L" j% Z9 t

, u* R# c) p: U. r: D) RThe new report is just the latest to take some of the shine off iPS cells. In recent months other researchers have reported that the cells are prone to various types of genetic abnormalities. “As with any new technology, there is always this initial phase of infatuation, and then the reality sets in,” said Dr. George Q. Daley, director of the stem cell transplantation program at Children’s Hospital
$ c9 n4 S& C# BBoston. “I think it goes to the heart of the issue of how ignorant we really are in understanding these cells.”
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0 y4 z, F, Q1 ^/ Y' ?Dr. Daley said the finding about the immune reactions “happened to be a particularly startling result that I wasn’t anticipating.” Still, he added, years of work lie ahead before iPS cells would be ready to use in treating people, so it is too early to be discouraged. Many scientists say iPS cells for now will be used to create cells — like brain cells from someone with Alzheimer’s disease — that can be used to study diseases in the laboratory./ W# b, i: J5 Q4 b1 E- e* F( t

& Z4 @: A" }* d9 f# K* ZDr. Xu, whose research was paid for by the National Institutes of Health and by California’s stem cell program, created both embryonic stem cells and iPS cells from an inbred strain of mice and implanted those stem cells into other mice of the same strain. The mice did not have an immune response to the implanted embryonic stem cells. But their immune systems attacked the implanted iPS cells. Further experiments suggested that the reaction was caused by the abnormal activation of certain genes in the iPS cells, resulting in the production of proteins that seemed foreign to the immune systems of the mice.The degree of immune response depended on how the iPS cells were made. The strongest response was to cells made by incorporating genes for certain growth factors into the DNA of the skin cells. Cells made that way are not likely to be used for medical treatments anyway because at least one of the inserted genes can cause cancer.( `' k+ b) i4 L  {5 B  I* a+ L
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Dr. Rudolf Jaenisch, a professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a founding member of the Whitehead Institute, said that in practice, iPS cells themselves would not be
/ P+ X# q: m3 }1 R1 j2 f2 o* o. @implanted into people. Rather, the stem cells would first be turned into specific types of cells, like brain cells or heart cells. He said it was unclear whether such differentiated cells would elicit the same7 J) ]$ h  M! ^5 E
immune response as the stem cells did in the mice.   n6 z3 g+ u6 f0 P# u, d% m
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Jeanne F. Loring, director of the center for regenerative medicine at the Scripps Research Institute, said the new findings would not preclude use of the iPS cells for therapy because immune-suppressing drugs could always be used. But the potential problem with iPS cells might make some scientists take another look at making patient-specific tissues by creating an embryo from a patient’s cell through so-called therapeutic cloning. That approach, which is not known to have been accomplished using human cells, is controversial because the same technique might also be used to create a baby.
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“This reopens the whole need for S.C.N.T, which will be controversial,” said Dr. Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology, referring to somatic cell nuclear transfer, the scientific term for cloning.9 e" L7 A! q) {$ r6 }# }7 ~5 N
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SCNT再次被提及。