CELL: Generation of functional spermatids from infertility men

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Generation of Haploid Spermatids with Fertilization and Development Capacity from Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells of Cryptorchid Patients.  n$ J7 _4 e; U: E3 X

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Highlights
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3 F: D4 A: j2 c•Spermatogonia remain whereas meiotic male germ cells are rare in cryptorchid patients. A) ]  G3 b3 C7 v; M
•Human SSCs of cryptorchid patients differentiate into phenotypic haploid spermatids
4 i: h# z9 k6 Q" R3 n8 _•Round spermatids derived from human SSCs have fertilization and development capacity) j# C$ x$ ~5 q0 J1 l/ X
•Distinct gene profiles exist in embryos from round spermatid and somatic cell nuclei$ P0 Q3 N7 x0 s8 \+ P' }, ~% ^$ Q
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Generation of functional spermatids from azoospermia patients is of unusual significance in the treatment of male infertility. Here, we report an efficient approach to obtain human functional spermatids from cryptorchid patients. Spermatogonia remained whereas meiotic germ cells were rare in cryptorchid patients. Expression of numerous markers for meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells was enhanced in human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) of cryptorchidism patients by retinoic acid (RA) and stem cell factor (SCF) treatment. Meiotic spreads and DNA content assays revealed that RA and SCF induced a remarkable increase of SCP3-, MLH1-, and CREST-positive cells and haploid cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reflected distinct global gene profiles in embryos derived from round spermatids and nuclei of somatic cells. Significantly, haploid spermatids generated from human SSCs of cryptorchid patients possessed fertilization and development capacity. This study thus provides an invaluable source of autologous male gametes for treating male infertility in azoospermia patients% X9 @7 s0 R  s2 \$ O$ ~5 X
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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
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Received: June 27, 2014; Received in revised form: August 4, 2014; Accepted: August 5, 2014; Published Online: September 18, 2014' c9 b" g: J8 [& y% _# E

6 a  H* d9 }3 g$ t- T# s" V: r© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. User rights governed by an Open Access license.