PDF电子书：Epigenetics and Human Health

lifescience1

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( g; g: w# z! Z7 \  O3 ?  @Preface
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' E7 m$ S& s5 N* ]9 @We all know only too well that our way of life, the food we eat, smoking, stress or
6 l9 i# k! ?. t1 O! e2 }; m7 Wenvironmental toxins infl uence our health. But we have just started to learn how, U0 N) ?4 S" m" b! I  z
these environmental factors cooperate with our hereditary genetic dispositions to
5 y4 R& o3 }7 L% ?0 [4 Hdetermine health or the development of diseases.' N/ i% B. ^' S: x% x2 \* ~
Moreover, we did not know until recently that all these factors may also infl uence
8 l/ P, q4 {, d( Bthe health of our children and grandchildren to whom we may transmit* y9 u- q' Q& d$ d1 b9 k# ^
functional changes of our genes. Are we really responsible for the well - being of4 w) y$ z3 F) ]. d
our unborn descendants?
) s! ]1 L  n: t- XDoes nutrition or stress in our early childhood and in our daily life determine" A8 y, Q: W0 |3 b6 M
functions of genes and tissues by epigenetic mechanisms? And how does this
$ ?; ]9 V- q+ u3 D3 G* T; {% rinfl uence change during life affecting ageing and longevity? To what extent is7 j# D5 ?" j- W. \
there an inheritance of environmentally acquired characteristics? These are
0 f$ N/ G' Q+ R+ ~0 b8 lmain questions in epigenetics, a new and exciting hot topic in natural sciences
+ t' v- Y1 }9 o0 m# Tlinking multiple hereditary and environmental impacts on our health ( http://www.7 U/ H$ ^0 g- v4 T% O
integratedhealthcare.eu ).$ X7 R( P1 V7 q( D
It has been noted in an article “ Epigenetics: The Science of Change ” of the/ B  g: I) p" F* J) a; _7 L
Environmental Health Perspectives , that interest in epigenetics is increasing “ as it1 k6 Q% N" d/ z/ R! ~
has become clear that understanding epigenetics and epigenomics – the genomewide
: H4 s9 Z& ?) K, q1 b( S- ?distribution of epigenetic changes – will be essential in work related to
) L" H' K" Z" l+ O) ]" n8 tmany other topics requiring a thorough understanding of all aspects of genetics,
( v1 i- o5 w9 }' z5 usuch as stem cells, cloning, aging, synthetic biology, species conservation, evolution,  y* O4 d" y2 b4 [
and agri culture ” ( http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-3/focus.
/ j* b5 n' S% Lhtml ). Because of this interaction of epigenetics with so many scientifi c and( k2 ~  r) X6 Z
technological fi elds, epigenetics will be at the center of public, governmental and% c9 H- {/ g" x9 g
scientifi c interest.
, a+ U! ^9 d& mThere are now great books available which thoroughly describe mechanisms of
4 V% [( {* b' ^6 b, tepigenetics. The idea for this book was born at a meeting at the University of
; R: l- J4 g: g, |! w/ JVienna where participants from different areas of nutrition, environmental and
& X- T8 |4 c# E3 |molecular biology stressed the need of more discussion on concepts towards
6 e. l# y. u7 \3 ?  K1 Uenvironmental health interactions between scientists of these disciplines.4 C3 j7 h! i. T
Clearly the more optimistic aspect of the possibility to prevent, interfere or even
* d. i- D! m4 ?% @) i3 y/ k* Q* h( Lcorrect epigenetic marks which could result in hazards for diseases, e.g. by dietary
' w& c/ [0 [  W8 `+ I* h5 \2 R1 ^concepts or changes of our personal environment and lifestyle, encourages the* Z5 |" M5 m0 ^' O8 O
work in epigenetics. In contrast many results from the analysis of hereditary+ G8 E: F# G7 W, V" `0 N
genetic dispositions can only be respected.
2 r& q: Q: L* G8 K- NThis book picks a transdisciplinary approach focusing on the new understanding
0 A1 m: `2 W- N: |' w1 d9 Qof epigenetic and gene - environment interactions for scientifi c, biomedical,
3 t7 m: ~) `; y1 }1 c/ D4 ttoxicological, environmental, nutritional, evolutionary and regulatory aspects. It$ C) U" l& ]* `7 k( l1 z( a
focuses on the views of the many exceptional scientists working in these different
9 L. S9 |' n. V5 [- pareas towards epigenetics and health environmental interactions.+ m7 O6 J, ?- ~2 s+ `
The articles in Part I of the book emphasize the interactions between concepts0 H% z- Y2 o* t! G0 F, _7 f
of genetic diversity, epigenetics, environmental health, molecular epidemiology,' x7 c4 V, A- ~: R- W# Y; G/ Y
nutrition and evolution theory. Part II focuses on hereditary aspects, Part III on% ?- i2 X! @* j0 }
environmental and toxicological aspects. Part IV extends on nutritional aspects.0 A0 M% U9 s! f+ }- R+ B; s% n: @
In Part V the new understanding of epigenetics and environmental health interactions) ?; v; I# C$ l' `& O
is detailed in case studies of fi elds such as gynecology, oncology, infectious  }! f* R+ G. ?3 S0 P. A' ]/ T
diseases, asthma, or neurodegenerative diseases. The last Part VI explores concepts, w7 c  E3 {- v7 h6 T# c
to translate the new understanding into public health policies and strategies+ o/ T: j4 h; ?9 C) |% d
including principal ethical aspects.% g# e0 p& K' Z
The book is targeted at scientists, environmental, nutritional and health experts,
: q2 R1 O* ?$ n! b! t5 a: J8 ageneticists, experts in science communication, policy makers, experts from standard
( I4 L9 n% @; z" P& I5 U! osetting authorities, teachers as well as scientifi cally experienced consumers
; k" O0 `7 J( a9 l2 f; D# p6 Vinterested in interdisciplinary aspects in this area.' l& P% u- D! Y
The major objective of the book is to strengthen the understanding of interactions* P; X0 s5 M3 C" _; u
between hereditary, genetic and environmental interactions and to bridge4 _% r, C; z0 h- r4 ~
gaps which often have evolved between scientifi c disciplines of molecular, genetic
: i- |" [( L1 q7 R  dand biotechnological areas on one side and environmental oriented sciences,
4 K, L4 W0 X+ s1 N8 a" Z1 ^conservation biology and environmental health on the other.
5 Q; X( y" P* y9 y2 N) c0 m( S9 _We thank all the brilliant authors who have contributed, as the summary of their: a& X( N" K' p* J. G4 j6 Q
distinguished views on this complex area is the essence of this book.
" }8 w1 f0 H) aWe do hope that you all enjoy the rather rough ride through the newly emerging
# ]3 o( Q3 J% n7 f- x. f$ K  z. Aand exciting fi elds of epigenetics!
! K8 R2 O/ w( ~* X0 Y+ ~$ g, k7 ?Vienna, September 2009 Alexander G. Haslberger5 f8 \7 T; p/ Q2 g+ ^/ ]0 c
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