PDF电子书：Biotechnology 5edition

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Biotechnology% {4 h* j0 F( o* [$ p
Fifth edition
' o: U. f3 g7 S1 R6 |Biotechnology is the major technology of the twenty-first century – yet few
, Q. L& N0 n- @& p& U  R, Speople realise how much it impacts on many aspects of human society., a3 }% c" s9 C$ j+ i+ q- z
The defining aim of this new fifth edition is to re-establish the correct. p6 h% g" E8 K, o/ r# x* X1 Q; ]
understanding of the term biotechnology. Using the straightforward style$ ^2 x7 e( N1 b0 D
that made the previous editions of his textbook so popular, John Smith
5 p8 h1 A1 A2 m" {/ B2 o! vonce again helps students and general readers alike with the deciphering
2 p: B8 N8 c4 h+ W$ x/ x% y& N. hand use of biological knowledge.He explains the historical developments in
8 H( G) K. V! p+ n# c: D0 i+ Pbiotechnology and the range of activities from brewing beer, the treatment$ k5 t0 ~: r. @1 p# e9 |2 Y0 C, ]
of sewage and other wastes, and the creation of biofuels. He also discusses
( s/ c5 l  B) z7 `the innovations in molecular biology, genomics and proteomics, systems+ p* @; S. g( i$ z; w
biology and their impact on new biotechnology. In this edition John Smith
# ~" i+ Z; {$ i, C% X( salso re-examines the ethics and morality of aspects of biotechnology and) A, F; y9 z; B4 @6 a1 Y% d  B
puts new emphasis on stem cells and regenerative medicine and micro
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John E. Smith is Emeritus Professor of Applied Microbiology in the
5 y3 R. _5 R! JInstitute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde,
' j* Q- F! U0 u: BGlasgow and Scientific Advisor to GlycaNova, Norway.
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Preface
. \3 Z' y8 U8 H- r% L6 c9 ?A defining aim of this fifth edition of Biotechnology has been to re-establish6 B$ K1 J  i1 H- B9 c$ w$ e0 R
the correct understanding of the true meaning of biotechnology.
$ T) p+ K: C% l0 xBiotechnology is in essence the deciphering and use of biological knowledge.9 M8 M$ Q8 c( b: G; _
It is highly multidisciplinary since it has its foundations in many* y( L4 X- e9 J5 Y" Q
disciplines including biology, microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology,
$ i& K1 F8 t' Z8 Y. W1 r- hgenetics, chemistry and chemical and process engineering. It may also/ F( n) }7 s4 ]# B* V8 b+ ?
be viewed as a series of enabling technologies that involve the practical; k9 l+ D) ~4 V
application of organisms (especially microorganisms) or their cellular components. O/ v# `/ A$ o; Z
to manufacturing and service industries and environmental management.3 p& l4 X0 w# r) e$ ^
Historically, biotechnology was an artisanal skill rather than a8 L# D- O5 N1 c+ \/ e* \
science, exemplified in themanufacture ofwines, beers, cheeses, etc.where
* L* C/ b8 x" B4 a: V- D5 Jthe techniques of manufacture were well worked out and reproducible,
( h* Z! [. \! k2 |6 R. }while the biological mechanisms were not understood. As the scientific
" o* o# ]+ q! B+ k8 b' u$ `basis of these biotechnology processes has developed this has led to more/ b3 A* c& \$ O
efficient manufacturing of the traditional processes that still represent the* `7 z6 d' O4 k- h+ D+ A) m9 E
major financial returns of biotechnology, i.e. bread, beers, wines, cheeses,5 a& d& E" x4 @% m
etc. Modern biotechnological processes have generated a wide range of new
8 L2 s% s- h5 U8 P* }  T* R, Uand novel products including antibiotics, vaccines and monoclonal antibodies,3 x/ d; _& d+ w% d( r
the production of which has been optimised by improved fermentation" P7 k% ?* Q; Y* Q
practices. Biotechnology has been further revolutionised by a range
5 L  ^7 S. @& {5 |0 d+ Y/ Eof new molecular biology innovations, allowing unprecedented molecular
  w1 X$ D+ u) Dchanges to be made to living organisms. The increasing understanding of
! A  D4 U5 n, s/ j/ rgenomics and proteomics has led to the creation of a vast range of transgenic
4 w! Q- J  |' R1 nmicroorganisms, agricultural (genetically modified) crops and animals,
2 m; Q( E# Y- j. ~+ ]4 T, mand major new recombinant protein drugs, and has revolutionised9 g2 z5 Z) t% m  C
activities in the traditional food and drinks industries. In the environment,
: Q( n8 T5 ^% c# Jbiotechnology innovations are creating major advances in water4 r- U1 {% n9 y( ]. \, I
and land management and also remediating the pollution generated by; Z7 z. p+ l* `+ c7 Y8 i
over-industrialisation.  o% W& q+ h- k
There have been vast investments in molecular diagnostics, not only in
7 ?: J3 d! x( pmedicine but in plant and animal agriculture and the environment. Will
, \: e9 S; f" M1 C1 }. b" lthe huge potential of stem cells for remedial medicine soon be realised?  K5 O" W/ h+ P8 `5 H9 N
Until recently, much attention has been given to determining the ‘nuts& B+ W5 }3 B$ Z' D) S
and bolts’ of biological systems. Now, systems biology is aiming to describe
2 S6 s% ~' }( T; @# q4 d. ?4 sand to understand the operation of complex biological systems and ultimately+ v* Z; v$ g  r7 ^) M+ G
to develop predictive models of, for example, human disease and1 S5 v8 I7 d( N4 t7 @! c: X
complex fermenter systems used in biotechnology.  o5 W  r, y6 I/ l: }8 y! V& ~2 a
Some of the new aspects of biotechnology, such as genetic engineering,
; {  l/ M3 w+ Yhave aroused certain social sensitivities of an ethical, moral and political
* u4 a% N# z1 f) B6 Echaracter. Regulatory authorities throughout the world are now examining& P: U4 Y# m- K7 h6 n- I- r8 N
the implications of these new and revolutionary techniques. It is hoped that
5 `9 B  ~" @) M6 i3 K. E. l4 l0 ~+ }common sense will prevail.
. f$ p3 ]. C6 D- a; z/ F2 TUndoubtedly, modern biotechnology can only maximise its full potential
% T4 ^7 L) m3 U$ R5 a% X( tto benefit mankind through achieving a basis of public understanding,) _9 Y8 q5 X! k$ ~) c" z
awareness, and knowledge of the technologies. Participating scientists must learn to communicate openly with the public and attempt to demystify the
. X2 n! W: O+ Q# Fcomplex nature of living systems. By doing so they will generate a greater1 R4 C9 _4 K2 N; U, X+ _
level of confidence and trust between the scientific community and the9 t8 q# j4 ~5 M  J! f1 p* }
public at large.% C' W0 Z3 u: Y* r4 c" s0 z% w
This expanded fifth edition of Biotechnology is again aimed to give an
4 F4 f$ h& I# D+ ?2 B9 S. N) q! {integrated overview of its complex, multifaceted and often ill-maligned( u' P4 D) a# D& f' e! R0 o" C
subjects, and for some young readers to point the way forward to exciting,% Z# p6 i: t6 \3 G& p" T
satisfying and rewarding careers. Biotechnology will undoubtedly be the# u3 [) K  C" v1 q3 o3 d  R( _
major technology of the twenty-first century and should be so recognised
6 V+ }, Q0 r4 X, w! W: Zby the lay public.
& z- C4 e9 U: c5 C$ X: J- zI amagain deeply indebted to the long-suffering Elizabeth Clements for, q- T4 x+ Z' G
her skilful processing of the manuscript and her continued dedication.

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& t9 i) M8 [! Q& x: S回复 2# 细胞海洋 , H% g, |2 V+ V, \9 P
没关系。版主是对的。我是第一次发。不清楚O(∩_∩)O哈！。谢谢！ . k! i. q% \! F$ b
很抱歉给你添麻烦了。