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A Temporarily Distinct Subpopulation
7 Z" g: d; h2 T3 G$ F' fof Slow-Cycling Melanoma Cells) ]5 V& c& L4 @
Is Required for Continuous Tumor Growth' N0 j+ a e# R7 M' _9 f* r* E' ~. U
9 E- S0 ]/ y7 j: v$ t$ cMelanomas are highly heterogeneous tumors, but the biological significance of their different subpopulations is not clear. Using the H3K4 demethylase JARID1B (KDM5B/PLU-1/RBP2-H1) as a biomarker, we have characterized a small subpopulation of slow-cycling melanoma cells that cycle with doubling times of >4 weeks within the rapidly proliferating main population. Isolated JARID1B-positive melanoma cells give rise to a highly proliferative progeny. Knockdown of JARID1B leads to an initial acceleration of tumor growth followed by exhaustion' G' n! X, r9 `( x) n- [9 Z! M
which suggests that the JARID1B-positive subpopulation is essential for continuous tumor growth. Expression of JARID1B is dynamically regulated and does not follow a hierarchical cancer stem cell model because JARID1B-negative cells can become positive and even single melanoma cells irrespective of selection are tumorigenic. These results suggest a new understanding of melanoma heterogeneity with tumor maintenance as a dynamic process mediated by a temporarily distinct subpopulation.* m e3 X! l# `: |) \/ i1 I
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