PDF电子书：Epigenetics and Human Health

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Preface
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We all know only too well that our way of life, the food we eat, smoking, stress or
1 t# Y6 s7 ?% u$ y, z" |, Henvironmental toxins infl uence our health. But we have just started to learn how
: y" j* }, t! M8 K: U0 dthese environmental factors cooperate with our hereditary genetic dispositions to
( s. G8 P/ ]& w" N9 ~- g  Pdetermine health or the development of diseases.+ L! E5 F2 K1 W' ]( z# a
Moreover, we did not know until recently that all these factors may also infl uence, G: ~, k, W; s5 C2 n" S8 A
the health of our children and grandchildren to whom we may transmit. D" ]) m8 X# o
functional changes of our genes. Are we really responsible for the well - being of1 k. W% [5 b! Q
our unborn descendants?4 R9 f* x! \! A% U( Y8 n+ U2 d
Does nutrition or stress in our early childhood and in our daily life determine+ n8 u/ B5 k  i/ ^  t+ P7 A# |
functions of genes and tissues by epigenetic mechanisms? And how does this' a7 W$ M5 g7 H6 P1 \% x% s* k
infl uence change during life affecting ageing and longevity? To what extent is
3 ^7 Z/ T. Z8 H, X; N6 Kthere an inheritance of environmentally acquired characteristics? These are
# s, J& V* Y" ~8 smain questions in epigenetics, a new and exciting hot topic in natural sciences
1 U& f- e: C: Zlinking multiple hereditary and environmental impacts on our health ( http://www.
- d: Z# {  m/ B$ R$ Iintegratedhealthcare.eu ).
& X. o4 n8 b% U. f& r  I! W. IIt has been noted in an article “ Epigenetics: The Science of Change ” of the+ {0 S* }. T( R+ k$ R2 h+ c
Environmental Health Perspectives , that interest in epigenetics is increasing “ as it
* q4 ]; m: o1 H) N+ Shas become clear that understanding epigenetics and epigenomics – the genomewide/ y7 T" ^: J( i8 k( M. U9 s
distribution of epigenetic changes – will be essential in work related to
. \4 ~& ~9 X; |" nmany other topics requiring a thorough understanding of all aspects of genetics,) \6 t: t4 E# [3 J3 c, O1 j6 x# q1 I
such as stem cells, cloning, aging, synthetic biology, species conservation, evolution,3 A" u; \8 [1 G6 Z4 T! [* F
and agri culture ” ( http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-3/focus.6 `: n: r2 l  Y$ m7 m: G
html ). Because of this interaction of epigenetics with so many scientifi c and( d4 ~3 e- @& b/ G$ j. ~# m
technological fi elds, epigenetics will be at the center of public, governmental and
, v5 `! u3 B6 S6 nscientifi c interest.) e0 M2 W3 W5 e& O3 E/ I3 j
There are now great books available which thoroughly describe mechanisms of: P* K' i; L* G8 q- H  r0 h
epigenetics. The idea for this book was born at a meeting at the University of
4 G8 z; U. y# w3 H" _, a( L  n5 iVienna where participants from different areas of nutrition, environmental and
* T0 B# _, }! o$ ?: ]; Y6 Q- imolecular biology stressed the need of more discussion on concepts towards
/ v. G# u$ W1 d2 r' q: R6 n. E; qenvironmental health interactions between scientists of these disciplines.
2 F- ?1 R" b- A% G' MClearly the more optimistic aspect of the possibility to prevent, interfere or even2 `: Y* _$ g0 @, X7 C
correct epigenetic marks which could result in hazards for diseases, e.g. by dietary) Z8 x; D+ `& }# [2 t7 }
concepts or changes of our personal environment and lifestyle, encourages the9 Z- ]; f! d% w7 B) k
work in epigenetics. In contrast many results from the analysis of hereditary  Y. l) E# ^! c, _2 z
genetic dispositions can only be respected.
8 W1 V, B: y7 S8 D5 `This book picks a transdisciplinary approach focusing on the new understanding' @5 {) b& }5 a( k+ o
of epigenetic and gene - environment interactions for scientifi c, biomedical,
7 b4 U, w& o% c- btoxicological, environmental, nutritional, evolutionary and regulatory aspects. It
5 a- K9 j# G7 U: y9 k3 {" M- afocuses on the views of the many exceptional scientists working in these different5 {8 q  Q* N) R! @2 x1 i
areas towards epigenetics and health environmental interactions.
1 F: y4 ^2 ~- _- TThe articles in Part I of the book emphasize the interactions between concepts' |0 v: N: U4 M
of genetic diversity, epigenetics, environmental health, molecular epidemiology,
, [) W- R. Q% [" ~4 znutrition and evolution theory. Part II focuses on hereditary aspects, Part III on, x9 t' K+ @& z0 H; T( s, H
environmental and toxicological aspects. Part IV extends on nutritional aspects.
3 S) R- \$ X5 |. k9 T$ s, g$ mIn Part V the new understanding of epigenetics and environmental health interactions
+ ^/ b0 r) [0 ~0 R' `) J% xis detailed in case studies of fi elds such as gynecology, oncology, infectious: ]( k4 }/ v6 O' x9 d6 M
diseases, asthma, or neurodegenerative diseases. The last Part VI explores concepts  b& `" k, h9 g3 x/ e* ?1 M
to translate the new understanding into public health policies and strategies$ _# n" P& I- v+ u; n
including principal ethical aspects.$ ?8 w, _) v3 e4 Y0 _5 Y
The book is targeted at scientists, environmental, nutritional and health experts,* D+ Y& Y8 {% L" `7 f$ C
geneticists, experts in science communication, policy makers, experts from standard; q8 s$ ^  m# _/ @0 W$ Q
setting authorities, teachers as well as scientifi cally experienced consumers
. a- t) H, K7 D$ C" ^interested in interdisciplinary aspects in this area.$ X+ ]- y/ K) [$ t/ |
The major objective of the book is to strengthen the understanding of interactions
' I0 D& l6 x  l0 |$ E2 rbetween hereditary, genetic and environmental interactions and to bridge4 |4 Y6 a2 N0 a' b
gaps which often have evolved between scientifi c disciplines of molecular, genetic' l3 g- ^% L/ |7 G- b. f) w
and biotechnological areas on one side and environmental oriented sciences,
; B2 W& }  p, C/ cconservation biology and environmental health on the other.% X, ~5 H: ~  J+ k( D3 w, L& ]/ @4 ~
We thank all the brilliant authors who have contributed, as the summary of their
; F  \5 {" A( S" I+ w& gdistinguished views on this complex area is the essence of this book.
, y( q2 _" O$ y0 ]8 o. {, {We do hope that you all enjoy the rather rough ride through the newly emerging
* ?2 O: l# ?. J: ]0 oand exciting fi elds of epigenetics!
6 s( w1 k5 N, HVienna, September 2009 Alexander G. Haslberger1 \, S: Z/ v/ \9 p& k) Q& j  G# Z
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