PDF电子书：Epigenetics and Human Health

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! D+ z9 R% `% MPreface
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We all know only too well that our way of life, the food we eat, smoking, stress or! w6 D, ~0 J/ Y
environmental toxins infl uence our health. But we have just started to learn how+ n/ X( x3 `/ G9 L; B/ ?4 T% M* U1 Y1 I$ U
these environmental factors cooperate with our hereditary genetic dispositions to1 I8 E) r4 h2 ?+ \( Q
determine health or the development of diseases.
& T; g2 x& i& N/ xMoreover, we did not know until recently that all these factors may also infl uence
! Q! c6 n0 h% \the health of our children and grandchildren to whom we may transmit) z5 u  r+ [2 Q
functional changes of our genes. Are we really responsible for the well - being of
9 c! u1 y; U( y/ [0 n. x* {: ?our unborn descendants?
# O+ O& F8 T8 i, d; @# oDoes nutrition or stress in our early childhood and in our daily life determine
0 `( z4 |7 i0 z9 @6 M- ], h# pfunctions of genes and tissues by epigenetic mechanisms? And how does this6 ^4 A; n+ Q# ]7 {# T% }/ B. P
infl uence change during life affecting ageing and longevity? To what extent is
& X+ J4 T5 ~) H0 `. ]there an inheritance of environmentally acquired characteristics? These are
( w1 y; K  ^' W8 M, u9 rmain questions in epigenetics, a new and exciting hot topic in natural sciences
4 J+ e: Y+ x; M6 s7 D) ^6 U) m. ^linking multiple hereditary and environmental impacts on our health ( http://www.
; _$ D, v3 g- h, z! d* _0 M  D# iintegratedhealthcare.eu ).1 I2 f6 w2 w3 L5 R" Y
It has been noted in an article “ Epigenetics: The Science of Change ” of the
# R! K9 Z6 ~2 I1 m2 _9 F! kEnvironmental Health Perspectives , that interest in epigenetics is increasing “ as it
7 E$ u0 ?/ F/ k; nhas become clear that understanding epigenetics and epigenomics – the genomewide
/ C7 C" M# a& V( ^4 W/ _0 [distribution of epigenetic changes – will be essential in work related to
% P+ G0 \$ i0 y* J4 Y, Umany other topics requiring a thorough understanding of all aspects of genetics,
! _  N( h* o5 f. ?3 E% N$ o4 V& z3 ?such as stem cells, cloning, aging, synthetic biology, species conservation, evolution,
! M- t" n2 X- F7 @) v2 |5 V# rand agri culture ” ( http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-3/focus.) F" T% ^  g. Q/ |1 \( {
html ). Because of this interaction of epigenetics with so many scientifi c and; }% z6 X6 h. ]3 {# x
technological fi elds, epigenetics will be at the center of public, governmental and; n3 v8 V" _# e9 c
scientifi c interest.
) \# L9 @! D. w5 v3 |5 R2 B. kThere are now great books available which thoroughly describe mechanisms of
) o, d0 {9 [# Wepigenetics. The idea for this book was born at a meeting at the University of8 i& h9 N0 o+ E  u
Vienna where participants from different areas of nutrition, environmental and+ X* ~0 a4 u  u5 R3 Y0 \
molecular biology stressed the need of more discussion on concepts towards
: o1 |) d; d; l, penvironmental health interactions between scientists of these disciplines.$ ^) m8 v# A6 {) b
Clearly the more optimistic aspect of the possibility to prevent, interfere or even% w+ s$ T- o% P$ V4 f0 I- o
correct epigenetic marks which could result in hazards for diseases, e.g. by dietary0 m8 [4 I  B  i
concepts or changes of our personal environment and lifestyle, encourages the# ]* f7 V* x- Z) c! k( F
work in epigenetics. In contrast many results from the analysis of hereditary
6 L1 k  n) A6 @genetic dispositions can only be respected.
, ?' }0 x5 _9 O' eThis book picks a transdisciplinary approach focusing on the new understanding6 I: D( {4 D6 M% g( h
of epigenetic and gene - environment interactions for scientifi c, biomedical,
( @. z* l# D4 E$ S- U7 u2 N1 t/ N% Etoxicological, environmental, nutritional, evolutionary and regulatory aspects. It3 P6 B3 q' q" J
focuses on the views of the many exceptional scientists working in these different4 A7 _0 r6 W/ X6 j2 U
areas towards epigenetics and health environmental interactions.9 o5 g! |5 @! d0 I' v1 |
The articles in Part I of the book emphasize the interactions between concepts0 V; n8 d5 _2 q$ A
of genetic diversity, epigenetics, environmental health, molecular epidemiology,
" z: k9 a! Y& q* nnutrition and evolution theory. Part II focuses on hereditary aspects, Part III on" M" R4 K6 s" E% \1 Z
environmental and toxicological aspects. Part IV extends on nutritional aspects.4 O& a  h- t4 [
In Part V the new understanding of epigenetics and environmental health interactions
3 i. d8 H7 n) k% J9 Nis detailed in case studies of fi elds such as gynecology, oncology, infectious
$ Q" X* C; \' I+ B8 a, r+ t, Y$ ^" Ldiseases, asthma, or neurodegenerative diseases. The last Part VI explores concepts
8 G0 |6 L* s5 r+ y! Vto translate the new understanding into public health policies and strategies
- X) k) W8 W7 e( Mincluding principal ethical aspects.: g2 U" F; E! s7 Y- t2 ^
The book is targeted at scientists, environmental, nutritional and health experts,& C% q" F+ y8 U/ u1 ~8 `* p
geneticists, experts in science communication, policy makers, experts from standard
- a+ J/ P5 {4 R' [' o* x0 msetting authorities, teachers as well as scientifi cally experienced consumers
) {5 l/ W$ M& Cinterested in interdisciplinary aspects in this area.
7 ]6 C% R, ]5 E4 pThe major objective of the book is to strengthen the understanding of interactions
  A) q6 W5 s2 n4 T, J4 r( ybetween hereditary, genetic and environmental interactions and to bridge
$ J6 X3 S" b: c6 R- u" Z0 }) egaps which often have evolved between scientifi c disciplines of molecular, genetic
% D$ i8 [5 Y7 J* Zand biotechnological areas on one side and environmental oriented sciences,
- b" q; }' k4 [5 kconservation biology and environmental health on the other.
. J( b/ J& D$ r9 fWe thank all the brilliant authors who have contributed, as the summary of their: m% H$ y. h/ {2 g) q; R
distinguished views on this complex area is the essence of this book.
( M9 o8 A/ R; ?- V& c( iWe do hope that you all enjoy the rather rough ride through the newly emerging
0 F" r' t2 O2 S5 Zand exciting fi elds of epigenetics!$ {2 k4 N6 s6 s4 }8 t8 G* S
Vienna, September 2009 Alexander G. Haslberger6 j! ~, H3 G6 |4 [) L
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soldier

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