Nature Reviews——STEMCELL精彩壁挂！

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* m/ d0 |9 r& L& s  {( bAntigen Processing and Presentation Wallchart6 D/ N' c9 N5 {1 @9 a+ f$ x
Pamela Wearsch and Peter Cresswell
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8 [' c- \& t& F0 @0 E+ Q/ xThe process by which antigen-presenting cells digest proteins from inside or outside the cell and display the resulting antigenic peptide fragments on cell surface MHC molecules for recognition by T cells is central to the body's ability to detect signs of infection or abnormal cell growth. As such, understanding the processes and mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation provides us with crucial insights necessary for the design of vaccines and therapeutic strategies to bolster T-cell responses.This poster provides an updated overview of the intracellular pathways and mechanisms by which antigens are captured, processed and loaded onto MHC class I, class II and CD1d molecules for presentation to T cells.
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- ~/ ?7 P5 I/ u3 d& |5 o, x5 BAssays for Human Mammary Stem and Progenitor Cells; t2 r, l$ `7 S$ M; `6 O) g
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This new wallchart provides information on the hierarchy of mammary epithelial cell differentiation and some of the functional assays that can be used to study mammary stem and progenitor cells.
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Cell Type Frequency Wallchart. ?0 P  {: d% w" J' n
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This wallchart provides frequencies of cell types in human peripheral blood and protocols for processing blood.
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Cord Blood Wallchart
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This wallchart is a colorful guide to hematopoietic colonies derived from human cord blood progenitors.
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Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitors Wallchart) J* A2 c+ w7 K1 N
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This new wallchart features photographs of a variety of representative colonies derived from mouse hematopoietic progenitors, comprehensive descriptions to assist in colony identification and plating concentration guidelines for quick reference.9 n2 `! M) y" H# e
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( m" H) J. c" n/ _. ?6 s1 X" gNatural Killer Cells Wallchart
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Eric Vivier and Sophie Ugolini
1 o# j( C* M  G6 TNatural killer (NK) cells were identified in 1975 as lymphocytes of the innate immune system that can kill tumour cells. Since then, NK cells have been shown to kill an array of ‘stressed’ cells and secrete cytokines that participate in shaping adaptive immune responses. A key feature of NK cells resides in their capacity to distinguish stressed cells (such as tumour cells, infected cells and damaged cells) from normal cells./ k+ n$ t( I& S. k. ^( ^0 f1 I- \

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- ]0 v! Q# y  {4 m& i8 A7 ~Neural Stem Cells Wallchart
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Virginia Mattis, Soshana Svendsen, Dhruv Sareen and Clive Svendsen
5 y7 ]* t7 M4 P4 B% J" Z' T+ b, XNeural stem cells are capable of self-renewal and can generate neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. During nervous system development, NSCs within the primitive neural ectoderm give rise to neural progenitors, which rapidly become regionally and temporally specified, first generating large projection neurons and later small interneurons and glia.
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6 l# t" D, ?( Q: S3 J* RPluripotent Stem Cell Biology Wallchart
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& }$ h$ i' Y4 \" T5 }) ^3 zChristopher Lengner and Rudolf Jaenisch  Q. a7 R, G/ H, C% B! m
Pluripotent cells offer great promise to the future of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.  Nuclear transfer, direct reprogramming and cell fusion can be used to experimentally induce pluripotency in somatic cells. To date, no naturally occurring pluripotent cell has been identified in the mammalian soma, and cells with pluripotent potential in the early embryo or germ lineage are difficult to isolate from patients. This makes methods of experimentally induced pluripotency in readily available somatic cells (such as skin biopsies) invaluable for the generation of patient-specific stem cells.
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Regulatory T cells Wallchart
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Ethan Shevach and Todd Davidson " d: T; ^  _& |  g: a
Regulatory T cells are vital for keeping the immune system in check, helping to avoid immune-mediated pathology and unrestricted expansion of effector T cell populations. Accordingly, regulatory T cells have been the focus of extensive research over the past few years, and this has revealed diverse roles for those cells in numerous diseases, including autoimmunity, allergy, microbial infection and cancer. We now have a good understanding of how they arise, how they are maintained, how they exert their suppressive effects and how they might be harnessed for therapeutic intervention. This poster provides an updated overview of the development, phenotype and functions of regulatory T cells, in particular those subsets that express the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). The poster is freely available thanks to support from STEMCELL Technologies.
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sunsong7

谢谢大家支持！3 X9 O4 o4 ?* v2 R. E( |2 h
还有一张“Natures Reviews——Molecular mechanisms of stem-cell identity and fate” 非常系统，给出了名词解释、分子机理、细胞命运等等，打印出图后可挂在实验室墙上，呵呵！请到这里下载 http://www.stemcell8.cn/forum-re ... 337-pid-233858.html

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Autophagy: molecular mechanisms and disease outcomes# N1 Z; d: u3 x/ i3 ?$ F% N
Daniel J. Klionsky and Vojo Deretic
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Article bodyDuring autophagy, double-membrane structures called autophagosomes engulf cytosol or organelles and deliver them to lysosomes (in mammalian cells) or the vacuole (in yeast) to be degraded and recycled. Our molecular understanding of this process has greatly advanced in the past decade, in terms of both the signalling pathways that drive it and the membrane trafficking events that participate in the formation of the autophagosome. Furthermore, the finding that autophagy is implicated in human pathophysiologies, including tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration, has highlighted its role as a dynamic and selective cellular process.
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9 Y1 p8 L; v& d; r( p5 vThis Poster by Daniel J. Klionsky and Vojo Deretic provides an overview of the subcellular control of autophagy in yeast and mammals, and emphasizes the recent links between autophagy and human disease.5 h0 ^- p0 N. @0 I# Q+ O. u' `" n4 D
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Fluorescent proteins illuminate cell biology
' J* X, t2 x7 G. x& qMichael Z. Lin, Atsushi Miyawaki and Roger Y. Tsien
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Article bodyThe discovery that green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria could be used to label proteins in cells led to a revolution in our ability to track proteins in live cells and whole organisms. A bewildering range of fluorescent proteins and sensors are now available that span the fluorescent spectrum, and together these provide the opportunity to dissect cell biological processes with exquisite spatiotemporal resolution.
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This poster by Michael Z. Lin, Atsushi Miyawaki and Roger Y. Tsien provides a user's guide to the range of fluorescent proteins and sensors available, their key properties and the cell biological questions to which they can be best applied.8 t" `  A6 U/ B, G& G* V
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Ubiquitin signalling by ubiquitin-binding domains4 v5 P. o6 i/ r6 i9 |- H9 d8 k2 P  q
Nicola Crosetto, David Komander and Ivan Dikic
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5 q: g/ b0 T; O: f% OArticle bodyUbiquitylation is a highly regulated process that tags proteins to specify distinct functional outcomes. Ubiquitin signals are 'read' non-covalently by ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs) embedded on various proteins, which show preference for ubiquitin chains of different lengths and linkages. More than 20 types of UBDs have been recognized, which have been classified into 5 families on the basis of their three-dimensional structure. Studies have revealed the importance of ubiquitin–UBD interactions in several cellular processes, including proteolysis, endocytosis and DNA repair.
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! \, M0 l: W& J5 J, G. NThis Poster by Nicola Crosetto, David Komander and Ivan Dikic provides structural information on ubiquitin signals and UBDs, and schematically presents the molecular outputs of ubiquitin–UBD interactions and the cellular processes they are involved in.
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Cellular regulation by deubiquitinating enzymes! N4 i/ K: {% A
Eric J. Bennett, Mathew E. Sowa and J. Wade Harper
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Article bodyUbiquitination is a reversible post-translational modification with key roles in protein stability, as well as in various signal transduction cascades, membrane trafficking and mitosis. Much progress has been made in the characterization of a superfamily of isopeptidases that remove ubiquitin from substrates — the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Far from merely processing ubiquitin precursors and scavenging ubiquitin from substrates that are targeted for degradation, DUBs are dynamic enzymes that assemble into distinct protein complexes to process the numerous different monoubiquitin and polyubiquitin marks on substrates.0 _' Z- C9 D' e9 v% R- B) }
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This Poster by Eric J. Bennett, Mathew E. Sowa and J. Wade Harper provides a schematic overview of the different DUB families and highlights the cellular pathways in which some DUB-associated complexes act.
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The identity and properties of mesenchymal stem cells
$ x3 q$ S2 m# X4 x9 {7 p1 w( b& YCésar Nombela-Arrieta and Leslie E. Silberstein: z: b9 _+ i2 ^  E2 t5 l* j0 c+ W* M1 r

0 m2 B9 v9 o3 G7 h& E; `8 p  CArticle bodyMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that were originally identified in the bone marrow stroma, where they regulate key stages of haematopoiesis. They have since been identified in other anatomical locations, although their physiological roles remain unclear. MSCs can be expanded in vitro and, under appropriate conditions, can give rise to several cell types, including bone and fat precursors. The in vitro-expanded cells have remarkable immunoregulatory properties and effects on tissue repair; because of this, their potential use as therapeutic agents in vivo is being extensively studied.
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  m( a/ L4 d1 I1 U& c' g$ bThis Poster by César Nombela-Arrieta and Leslie E. Silberstein provides an overview of the identity of MSCs in vivo and the effects of their in vitro-expanded progeny, and highlights key questions that remain in the field regarding the biology of these elusive cells.
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The Poster is freely available thanks to support from STEMCELL Technologies Inc.
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From teratomas to embryonic stem cells: discovering pluripotency
+ G, B/ H: T/ i7 x2 ]2 M% X! o* N  R# APeter W. Andrews and Paul J. Gokhale5 @9 y& ^: C" F; i. l; H: i3 |! X
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Article bodyThis year marks the thirtieth anniversary since mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were first isolated from blastocysts. This paved the way to the first targeted knockouts of genes in mice, which provided a crucial tool for studying mouse development and founded a new field of stem cell research. Today, researchers are able to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from somatic cells, which might have important clinical applications.0 m1 j# f& b9 J7 B7 h6 s/ o- E* e

$ Q, u6 s+ k! ]- t. ]/ s) jThis Poster by Peter W. Andrews and Paul J. Gokhale provides a timeline overview of the history of pluripotency, starting from early studies of teratocarcinomas in 1954, which preceded the isolation of mouse and human ES cells, and ending with the generation of iPS cells. In doing so, it highlights how our understanding of the pluripotent state has evolved over almost 60 years." c( i$ d% _3 ^% b( ^
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The Poster is freely available thanks to support from Abcam
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