干细胞研究指导方针：how scientists can play nice

glasshour

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0 R5 `. M  G% s( t3 Q, t注：本文由glasshour翻译，请大家多多指教% {2 }+ }0 O( b( {/ h
原文：http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2011/01/stem-cell-research-guidelines.html?etoc0 B- H2 y, ^3 \& W) B6 Q
本文是科普性文章，通俗易懂。文章大意是强调共享资源的重要性
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Stem Cell Research Guidelines: How Scientists Can Play Nice
* U3 E) c; v" nby Gretchen Vogel on 24 January 2011  W6 w! \) c1 N; {, W# `

9 y4 Y- T2 j7 @0 h) VResearchers working with stem cells should follow the example of their colleagues in genetic sequencing and clinical research, setting up global networks for sharing data, materials, and intellectual property, according to a report released today in Washington, D.C. The Hinxton Group, an international consortium that examines issues of stem cells, ethics, and law, issued half a dozen recommendations that it says would make stem cell research more efficient and more beneficial to the common good.
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/ n% U7 p4 H& C2011年1月25日在Washington, D.C.发表的一篇报道中提出观点：干细胞研究者应该像从事基因测序和临床研究的研究者那样，建立一个共享数据、材料、知识产权的全球网络。”The Hinxton Group” (http://www.hinxtongroup.org/)（后文译为H小组） 是这样的一个国际组织，它致力于调查干细胞引发的问题，道德和法律。它发表了半数以上的推荐，据说可以使干细胞研究更有效，并且更有益于公共利益。6 [# `, ^9 v' C4 X7 w( p
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In the decade since the first human embryonic stem cells were isolated, the science surrounding stem cells has grown dramatically. There are many hundreds, if not thousands, of different stem cell lines in use around the world. But researchers don't have efficient ways to compare the characteristics of different cell lines or to access lines that might be especially useful for a given project. And a proliferation of overlapping and competing intellectual property claims is threatening to slow down research even more, says Debra Mathews, a bioethicist at the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics in Baltimore, Maryland, and a member of the Hinxton steering committee. "It has gotten to a point where for the science to move forward, these issues have to be addressed," she says.
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自第一个人类胚胎干细胞被分离后的十年间，与干细胞相关的科学迅猛发展。有几百（如果不是几千）的不同的干细胞系用于研究。但是研究者既没有找到一种有效的方法去比较不同细胞系的优劣，又没有一种很好的方法去获得一种对某个特定的工程有用的细胞系。与此同时，重叠和相互竞争的知识产权的申明的大量增加威胁着研究的进步，Debra Mathews说道。她还说：“科学如何才能前进，这是不可避免要回答的问题。”（注：Debra Mathews是一个马里兰，Baltimore，Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics的生物伦理学家。）/ R1 |6 r/ M' S

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: t" X! w$ U; m- K" q: yThe report recommends setting up a publicly available global stem cell registry that would include a cell line's characteristics and derivation information.
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3 u4 Q" ^7 W/ N" b! G5 E那篇报道（译者自以为该报道指是本文开头所引的报道）推荐建立一个包含一个细胞系的特征和来历信息的面向广大研究者的全球信息登记系统。
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% _3 x( a* x) I9 t  WStem cell banks and cell repositories that are already helping to store and distribute cell lines should be expanded and should coordinate and standardize their work. Funding agencies, research institutions, and journals should make data and material sharing mandatory. 9 v; q& I/ @) }# T; Y

4 I* j3 E5 }# O, @- y那些目前可以储存和给干细胞分类储存的干细胞储藏库和细胞库应该扩张，并且应该相互协调整合以及使他们的工作标准化。基因会，研究所和期刊应该强制要求分享数据和材料。
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A database of stem cell-related patents is also urgently needed, the group says, to help scientists deal with the thorny thicket of intellectual property that has grown along with the hot field. In addition to the database, researchers, funders, and institutions should explore ways that intellectual property could be shared through so-called patent pools or other agreements that would make it simpler for researchers—and companies—to know what royalty costs they might expect. The group also recommends that patents involving government-funded inventions should conform to standards that allow broad use of the data, materials, and technologies involved. ; j$ x9 w8 g4 K( z
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同样迫切的需要一个储存干细胞相关的专利的数据库，H小组说道，用这个数据库去帮助科学家对付那些增长的棘手的复杂的知识产权问题。除了这个数据库，研究者，资金提供者和科研机构应该探索出一些方法，这些方法可以使知识产权可以在简化的平台上被共享。H小组也推荐政府资助的发明建立的专利应该遵照一个统一的标准，这样数据，材料和技术能推广给更多的人们。
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4 C' l6 ~1 H  a0 ?" V) R' @) WSuch databases and cell banks don't come cheap, but Robin Lovell-Badge, a stem cell scientist at the MRC National Institute for Medical Research in London and a member of the Hinxton steering committee says several funding agencies have already expressed support. "Funders are keen for the data to be made available, and they're willing to put some money into it," he says.
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这样的数据库和细胞库并不便宜，但是伦敦的MRC National Institute for Medical Research的干细胞学家并兼职H小组指导委员会的成员Robin Lovell-Badge说道，好几个基金会已经表示有意愿要提供资助。他说：“资金提供者强烈的希望可以利用数据，并且他们愿意投资这个项目。”3 d6 P& Q( i5 P% Q

8 [7 R3 N* {4 q. SThe group focused its efforts on human pluripotent stem cells, which can become all of the body's tissues. Pluripotent stem cells include embryonic stem cells, which are derived from early embryos, and induced pluripotent stem cells, which are made by reprogramming cells taken from adult tissues such as skin. However, the statement encourages researchers working with cells from other tissues to adopt similar practices and join the data-sharing networks and cell banks.
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H小组致力于研究人类的多能的，可以变为身体的所有组织的干细胞。多能干细胞包括胚胎干细胞（从早起胚胎发育而来）和诱导式多能干细胞（从成人组织如皮肤细胞重新编程而来）。但是，该报道鼓励从事其他组织研究的工作者采用类似的方法来建立一个共享数据的网络和细胞库。

tpwang

回复 glasshour 的帖子* \* J5 F. G" [2 W: i
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一个小小的误译： half a dozen recommendations 应该是“半打建议”，五六条。5 `; d9 k' S8 }$ K0 O  S( {
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数据共享，标准建立，有利于研发的知识产权协议，已经是干细胞发展的紧迫压力。以后还会有更大量的新数据进来，而且相当一部份研究者不会很方便的分享到这些新数据的技术和好处，比如细胞系越来越多的复杂基因信息，必须有一个公共平台，以利于有资格的所有干细胞研究者都能在自己的研究中充分利用和交流在统一标准上的数据。
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9 x6 s# }# ~4 R( P科学没有统一标准，严格说就不能称之为科学。这不仅是个技术、投资和管理问题，一直有局部的努力，但如何让绝大多数的研究所把自己的干细胞系和基本数据提供出来，进行统一管理和比较，仍是一个不容易达成比较普遍共识的问题。% |0 b5 ]$ y& }

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nydfy

是神马！

glasshour

tpwang 发表于 2011-1-25 12:59 ( M2 l2 f0 \1 a$ f( n' ?
回复 glasshour 的帖子
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: j. y: |% ^" ?* t一个小小的误译： half a dozen recommendations 应该是“半打建议”，五六条。

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说得好棒！4 q) e1 V. @8 s) U
要是我能加分就给您加分了0 \, J/ A2 ~/ f: E5 t5 o2 i  q+ `
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话说那个翻译的地方我也纠结了一下, X! j9 N: \. K8 e. ^' z9 r
这两种翻译的方法网上都有人使用过, R; U6 T* A6 H! _# e
我当时纠结了一下，我觉得五六条建议不足以凸显H小组的重要性，与上下文有点不符合，就选了我文中的翻译方式

tpwang

回复 glasshour 的帖子
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遇到这种“半打”的表达，可以用“数条”等试试。+ ~% q. d' t5 g

  R( Q1 E6 d; C. X/ c: E不客气。

张也行

感觉这句话翻译的不是很全面 In addition to the database, researchers, funders, and institutions should explore ways that intellectual property could be shared through so-called patent pools or other agreements that would make it simpler for researchers—and companies—to know what royalty costs they might expect.
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* N$ k/ U* G8 p除了数据库外，研究者，资助者和研究所应该探索一些渠道使个人版权可以通过所谓的公用专利或者其他协定得以共享，这些协定能使研究者和公司更容易的知道他们可能得到多少专利权使用费。

glasshour

张也行 发表于 2011-1-29 22:16
6 t+ `* _" i# K# z: `* X感觉这句话翻译的不是很全面 In addition to the database, researchers, funders, and institutions shoul ...

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同意