「仍在生长中，数周内跳动」实验室种出人心脏

冠忠

全球数百万计心脏病患者带来福音。这项技术的突破，为病人最终人工培植出自己的心脏作移植用迈出重要一步。
$ d) c/ p  r  o6 O美国明尼苏达州大学研究员，利用从人尸摘出的心脏，培植出新的心脏。他们先将心脏放入强烈清洁剂中，除去那已死心脏的肌肉细胞，仅剩下胶原蛋白支架，又从病人身上抽取干细胞，加入营养剂培植，之后将数以百万计干细胞注入那胶原蛋白支架内。那些干细胞能「辨认」出该胶原蛋白支架，开始发展成健康的心脏肌肉细胞，培植成完整的心脏。
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泰勒负责领导这次革命性研究。
( j0 S2 k& V; {% g5 C: ^& s1 U; u这些人工培植出来的心脏仍未开始跳动，但研究员相信数周内就会开始，而且跳动幅度足以泵动血液。0 R" _" {2 x5 o' k2 K4 t) n
领导今次研究的再生医学专家泰勒（ Doris Taylor）说：「那些心脏仍在生长中，希望数周内有跳动迹象。」
: z, }" ]% c0 [. g$ x3 x7 M/ @0 F泰勒承认要培植出一个可完全正常运作的心脏，还需要克服很多障碍，但强调「我预期终有一日可以培植出足以用来移植的完整器官」。个中最大难题之一，是要成功透过复杂的血管网络，给新心脏提供足够氧气，并且要保证心脏跳动频率正常。泰勒说：「我们距离培植出可供移植的心脏仍有很远的路，但相信我们已为此开启了一道门。」
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. N6 K4 d( W) x! w9 @, k$ s排斥率大大减低
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现时可供移植的心脏难求，若人工培植心脏技术成熟，病人就毋须无了期等待死者捐出心脏救命。而且，现时有幸成功移植心脏的病人，手术后终身都要服食抗排斥药，会增加高血压、肾脏衰竭和患糖尿病机率，但如果移植来的心脏出自病人自己的干细胞，排斥机率会大大减低。& z- V/ B( ]7 Y
干细胞技术近年不断取得突破，英国科学家 2007年利用从病人骨髓抽取的干细胞，首次成功培植出人类心瓣。翌年，有科学家成功培植出会跳动的动物心脏。泰勒的团队就曾培植出老鼠和猪心脏，虽然跳动太弱，未足以移植到动物身上，但已是迈向培植「度身订做」器官的重要一步。
& y3 y2 B! L" `0 o7 q英国《每日邮报》
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elven_35

每一步走起来都是艰难的

tpwang

回复 冠忠 的帖子
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这是一篇相关新闻评论。有人质疑该研究者们为什么不等“几周”后心脏开始跳动再报料，有人认为关键是能否有足够复杂的血管系统发展出来供血。解剖上早已有办法将机体血管或神经网络结构留存下来，问题是这类研究“洗”下来的“鬼心”（ghost heart）“胶原支架”都包括哪些结构，有没有血管神经等，估计比较成问题。如果指望种上去的细胞原样复制这些复杂的组织和结构，那么要种多少以及哪些种类的细胞。如果是取逝世的患者心脏，那么细胞也是死后取还是生前取？骨髓间充质？1 w/ x1 d5 C% o. z
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这个消息确实比较蹊跷。如果早几天，就成愚人节玩笑了：）希望是真的。如果能一定程度成功，以后器官捐献就有了新的含义。1 B, R, ?, R& R8 _! y5 L. k

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- |8 D# _" U$ UWill 'breakthrough' live human heart grown in lab beat in time?
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If experiments going on at the University of Minnesota's heart lab succeed, there could be a way to 'grow your own heart' in due course of time, a development that will find a way around heart transplants that force lifetime use of anti-immunity drugs.
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0 m- h# b3 w. ~% I) x" \' w The human heart, which is 'growing' in the laboratory could start beating within weeks, Britain's Daily Mail reported on Monday, quoting a scientist involved in the project. The report says the breakthrough technology could also pave the way for making other organs like liver, lungs and kidneys in labs.
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9 a) d2 B3 M) e1 D$ F5 \+ `, S6 P  w"The hearts are growing, and we hope they will show signs of beating within the next weeks," the Mail quotes Dr Doris Taylor, an expert in regenerative medicine at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, as saying. However, the scientist said there will be too many hurdles before a transplant-ready organ is developed.- s: d7 J. x) J% K9 D, n# y, }

" G2 Q& a4 z0 G0 x6 W"There are many hurdles to overcome to generate a fully functioning heart, but my prediction is that it may one day be possible to grow entire organs for transplant."
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THE PROCESS
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The heart was grown using stem cells from patients, which means there will be less chance of rejection unlike the transplanted heart from a donor.. S; ~! z1 g. k, }

' g! T' L0 o- GResearchers in Taylor's team used human hearts taken from dead bodies to develop the new heart. First they "stripped cells from the dead hearts with a powerful detergent, leaving ‘ghost heart’ scaffolds made from the protein collagen." Then millions of stem cells taken from a patient and boosted with nutrients, were injected into the ghost heart. "The stem cells then recognized the collagen heart structure and began to turn into heart muscle cells, the report says.: d# F7 k' N  ^5 t& B
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Taylor admitted "they are a long way off creating a heart for transplant," according to the Sunday Times. "...but we think we’ve opened a door to building any organ for human transplant."
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However, the announcement by scientists was also greeted with some amount of skepticism. Some people commenting on the news asked if the scientists were truly confident that the heart will start beating very soon, why would not they wait until that actually happened rather than going to press with what looks like a half-baked invention.
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Some others were worried that unwarranted hype, both by the media and the scientific community, is undermining serious research. Another person, who claims to be a scientist, wrote the news is misleading. "All they have produced is a clump of useless tissue that responds to an electrical signal!" the commentator wrote on the Mail's discussion form.
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The Mail says that Taylor’s team has already created beating rat and pig hearts. The question is, if the human heart too will start beating in time. There are also hurdles beyond this. "One of the biggest is getting enough oxygen to the organ through a complex network of blood vessels," according to the report.# [+ G( s* s0 _. l9 _7 l; K9 L9 T- X

  b7 d2 e6 O+ {This article is copyrighted by International Business Times, the business news leader

kenken

科学家在新奥尔良举行的美国心脏学院周年会议上，分享他们的研究心得。他们说，培植人类心脏的过程十分复杂，注入的干细胞数量达数以百万计，而且要辅以各种营养剂。干细胞要认出心脏蛋白骨干，才可分裂和生长出心脏细胞。
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274996064

科技的发展太快了  这个我觉得用到人身上还有一段很长的路要走

saberly

真是太快了，现在都能够造出心脏了。这样下去我们人类的寿命又将有一个很大的提升，生活质量也会得到很大的改善。到以后死亡都可以是选择的了。但是他们为什么不等到心脏跳动再报道，而是形态出来就开始报道，想吸引大家的注意，看来是想当明星生物学家了。

hujimmy623

个人觉得还有很长的路要走，用这种方法制造的心脏其形态是差不多了，可是其中各类心肌细胞分工能和正常心脏中的一样吗？跳动频率还有传导束都需要考虑啊，血液循环更是大问题

hyde

感觉有点像以前异种移植提过的方法……动物肝脏作“支架” 人类干细胞当填充
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好像类似的蛮多
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