求助几句英语翻译~非常感谢哈

tainlangxing

1、There is considerable evidence that several diverse cancers, both leukae-
4 B+ h. T) H* n4 n) l2 Rmias and solid tumours, are hierarchically organized and sustained
) p4 Y! S4 M! V, F) s, w8 B$ mby a subpopulation of self-renewing cells that can generate the full
( a5 r" k2 `6 _' {* b. Urepertoire of tumour cells (both tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic 7 O) ?! J8 X7 E2 k
cells)6 @. h4 z5 t+ G3 P3 v, ~  I6 Q
2、expression profiles、intertumoral heterogeneity、 oncogene addiction、
1 y1 F0 Y" k% V9 ~) Isurvival roles、 committed progenitor cells是什么意思？
1 r6 f2 S9 O( j$ H% I3、Interestingly, despite
, p  y: h$ q9 O8 @4 y' Fthe heterogeneous nature of tumours, the histopathology and gene-5 }3 i  e5 d- `! p
expression profiles of tumours arising in patients often remain relatively   F" `" L0 L  @0 V
stable during progression from localized disease to metastatic and even 8 ~7 e  u$ \" T. r  `# u
end-stage disease3
' C. ]$ B4 j" q/ R' S4、transgenic mouse models have shown
) U* ~3 D+ t3 v' Y1 Vthat mutant Hras targeted to the hair follicle region highly predisposed
2 }& L# Q8 [7 S% a% q# [0 gmice to squamous carcinomas, whereas its targeting to more differ-
! H2 ]* h9 D" P: eentiated interfollicular or suprabasal cells resulted in papillomas with * _9 ]& O& k& B% q- k/ G2 ]
low malignant potential。Moreover, transformation of distinct breast ' c( A; ?3 W  J' g! E; T
epithelial cells in vitro has indicated that the target cell is an important ( C3 z, g5 ]1 U7 I% t4 S
determinant of tumour phenotype: I5 ?& _+ B5 W8 ?8 T
5、Nevertheless, $ D! n  K/ Z+ j+ U0 u7 l$ _2 L' s4 v5 ]
any cell in the hierarchy with proliferative capacity could serve as a cell
6 H" w! ^2 R) dof origin in cancer, if it acquires mutations that re-instigate self-renewal
2 }) d. _. S% j; \% O% l0 Kcapacity and prevent differentiation to a post-mitotic state3 J& d, {+ W7 B+ k$ C
有点多哈~~非常非常感谢~有些感觉上下读起来根本不连贯。云云雾雾的！

franty

1.大量证据证明，某些种类的癌，无论是血癌还是实质性肿瘤，都可以清晰地将其分级；这些癌由具有自我更新能力，能够分化产生所有肿瘤细胞（无论是瘤性细胞还是非瘤性细胞）的细胞群支持。5 ^8 H4 o( Q' S1 s
我理解为：这些具有自我更新能力的细胞可以分化产生肿瘤实质细胞，也可以分化为肿瘤细胞的支持细胞。

tait1

3、Interestingly, despite the heterogeneous nature of tumours, the histopathology and gene-
3 J3 ^# k) P& {) P$ Z/ j. M( ~. M1 rexpression profiles of tumours arising in patients often remain relatively
- e' f9 P, U; W5 u, q1 wstable during progression from localized disease to metastatic and even 1 |" _/ o. }4 r, X
end-stage disease' d" n4 ]+ M6 O
有意思的是，尽管肿瘤有不同种类（应该说的是不同基因类型），在从良性肿瘤发展到可转移乃至癌症晚期的过程中，病人肿瘤的组织病理及基因表达图谱保持相对稳定。

llwking

4、transgenic mouse models have shown that mutant Hras targeted to the hair follicle region highly predisposed mice to squamous carcinomas, whereas its targeting to more differentiated interfollicular or suprabasal cells resulted in papillomas with low malignant potential。Moreover, transformation of distinct breast  epithelial cells in vitro has indicated that the target cell is an important determinant of tumour phenotype; 8 ~/ ~: O- J$ t' h! }7 S  N
转基因小鼠模型显示，毛囊区域Hras的突变会诱发小鼠产生鳞状细胞癌的趋势，反之针对更多已分化的毛囊内或基底层以上细胞将导致低恶性潜能的乳头状瘤。此外，不同的乳腺上皮细胞体外转化表明靶细胞具有一个肿瘤表型的关键特征；. X. s7 Y! Z; {, |) x

tainlangxing

# K- J3 D& w, N, ?" e
5 L  m$ P  E% U  C* \回复 franty 的帖子9 }$ H: J! J, S8 N2 s. L' f5 D
% {8 C5 a( V  \; X  O
首先非常感谢哈~9 K( J& n6 j6 C9 Y
“肿瘤支持细胞”应该理解为“肿瘤间质细胞”是不是更准确些？
) ~* J$ ?9 s  C0 |比我的翻译强多了，我的翻译是：这里有许多证据在各种肿瘤中，包括实体瘤和白血病，它们都被具有自我更新的亚群（我理解为CSCs）分级构建和维持，并产生所有肿瘤细胞。看来语法还是欠缺哈！
- i# D# N7 B9 _3 H( H, K6 D但是和上文还是不连贯，上文说的是：“肿瘤干细胞和肿瘤起源细胞是两个清楚而不同的概念，尽管常混用，肿瘤起始时的细胞更适宜作为肿瘤起源细胞”，接下来就是我求助的1，感觉不是很连贯，应该叙述许多证据证明“肿瘤起始时的细胞更适宜作为肿瘤起源细胞”，怎么会证明“CSCs（具有自我更新的亚群）产生所有类型肿瘤细胞"？自相矛盾哦，

tainlangxing

回复 llwking 的帖子, K. k* P- ~+ U; v. g
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谢谢~非常满意哈1 y# ?! ^, `$ y: Q3 s
最后一句是不是翻译为”此外，不同的乳腺上皮细胞体外转化表明靶细胞是决定肿瘤表型的关键因素“更为恰当吧？
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