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Chromatin Connections to Pluripotency and Cellular Reprogramming8 y4 n, g0 m7 h" I8 H- ~
多能性和细胞重编程的染色质连接! H }/ X$ _; w9 n) j2 z
The pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provides a unique perspective on regulatory programs that govern self-renewal and differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. Here, we review the highly connected protein and transcriptional networks that maintain pluripotency and how they are intertwined with factors that affect chromatin structure and function. The complex interrelationships between pluripotency and chromatin factors are illustrated by X chromosome inactivation, regulatory control by noncoding RNAs, and environmental influences on cell states. Manipulation of cell state through the process of transdifferentiation suggests that environmental cues may direct transcriptional programs as cells enter a transiently ‘‘plastic’’ state during reprogramming.
/ ^& ^0 L1 s* M+ u' Y( g7 x 摘要:胚胎干细胞(ESCs)多能性状态为(研究)控制自我更新、分化和体细胞重编程的程序提供了一个独特的视角。在这里,我们评论了维持多能性的高度连接蛋白和转录网络,以及它们是如何使影响染色质的结构和功能的因素交织在一起的。X染色体的失活、非编码RNA的监管控制以及环境条件对细胞的影响,说明了多能性和染色质复杂的相互关系。通过转分化操纵细胞的的状态表明,当细胞在重编程过程中进入一个短暂的“可塑性”状态时,环境诱导因子也许指导了转录程序。 |
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