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主题:干扰素γ不是阻止,而是促进成人间充质干细胞的免疫抑制作用
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4 u. L9 S6 w& O. I说明:原文来自Clinical and Experimental Immunology ,干细胞之家新闻小组成员deron翻译(转帖请注明)
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5 _9 w3 J5 X6 q1 D- G间充质干细胞(MSC)抑制同种异基因免疫应答的能力被曲解了。本研究中,我们应用一个同种异源混合淋巴细胞反应模型来研究MSC介导免疫调节反应的机制。人MSC已证实可以表达免疫抑制因子:肝细胞生长因子(HGF),白介素(IL)10和转移生长因子(TGF)β1,这些因子在体外可以达到抑制同种异源(免疫)应答的浓度。MSC同样表达环氧合酶1和2,并组成性生成前列腺素E2。吲哚美辛阻断实验证实前列腺素参与了MSC介导的同种异源免疫抑制。促炎性细胞因子干扰素(IFN)γ没有消除MSC对同种异源抗原引发(淋巴细胞)增殖的抑制,而是上调了HGF和TGFβ1的表达。IFNγ同样诱导了吲哚胺2,3加双氧酶(IDO)的表达,后者涉及到色氨酸代谢。使用竞争剂1-甲基-L-色氨酸能够恢复免疫应答反应,这证明了IDO参与了IFNγ诱导MSC的免疫调节反应。向混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)中加入色氨酸新陈代谢副产物犬尿氨酸,可以阻止同种异源淋巴细胞的增殖反应。这些结果支持这样一种假设模型:IDO通过色氨酸副产物的局部积累——而非色氨酸的代谢,来发挥其(免疫抑制)作用。综上所述,数据显示MSC来源的可溶性因子或产物调节免疫应答反应,而这暗示了在IFNγ存在时,MSC创造了一个可调节同种异源免疫反应的免疫抑制微环境。
; p8 {7 \2 a7 O- I/ g# b! _. X" @原摘要:The ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to suppress alloresponsiveness is poorly understood. Herein, an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response was used as a model to investigate the mechanisms of MSC-mediated immunomodulation. Human MSC are demonstrated to express the immunosuppressive cytokines hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 at concentrations that suppress alloresponses in vitro. MSC also express cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and produce prostaglandin E2 constitutively. Blocking studies with indomethacin confirmed that prostaglandins contribute to MSC-mediated allosuppression. The proinflammatory cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ did not ablate MSC inhibition of alloantigen-driven proliferation but up-regulated HGF and TGF-β1. IFN-γ also induced expression of indoleamine 2,3, dioxygenase (IDO), involved in tryptophan catabolism. Use of an antagonist, 1-methyl-L-tryptophan, restored alloresponsiveness and confirmed an IDO contribution to IFN-γ-induced immunomodulation by MSC. Addition of the tryptophan catabolite kynurenine to mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), blocked alloproliferation. These findings support a model where IDO exerts its effect through the local accumulation of tryptophan metabolites rather than through tryptophan depletion. Taken together, these data demonstrate that soluble factors, or products derived from MSC, modulate immune responses and suggest that MSC create an immunosuppressive microenvironment capable of modulating alloresponsiveness even in the presence of IFN-γ., ?! E8 k7 f( _* Y) j7 R
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