Bring in the SNAREs

杨柳

Vesicles returning from the Golgi to the ER need a GTPase called Arf1, and a coat called coatomer. But most of all they need vesicle SNAREs (v-SNAREs), which pair up with target SNAREs (t-SNAREs) to mediate fusion once the vesicles reach their destination. Now, Rein et al. report that a surprising conformational change lies behind the incorporation of v-SNAREs into the forming vesicles (page 395).8 n& ]- u8 r" F% d% c
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Rein et al. begin with the observation that Arf1p's GTPase-activating protein, ARF-GAP, recruits Arf1p to membranes. ARF-GAP must be added first to get subsequent binding of Arf1p and coatomer, but ARF-GAP does not have to be present during the binding of Arf1p. Rather, it seems that ARF-GAP induces a conformational change in the v-SNARE proteins (converting them to a protease-resistant form), thus allowing Arf1p and coatomer to bind.
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- }: \6 ?4 d  G! ]5 P' h. v# g0 ?This conformation-altering function is separable from the later GAP function of ARF-GAP, and it distinguishes the Golgi-to-ER system from the ER-to-Golgi system. In the latter case, v-SNAREs are taken up into vesicles via direct interactions with coat proteins, but there is no evidence for a conformational change.(ARF-GAP primes SNAREs to receive Arf1p.)