《细胞》[Cell]13年6月20日出版pdf全文

nero1981

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Volume 153, Issue 78 N! e$ {- G' f. J& G) S: R. N" M
On the cover: The mealybug Planococcus citri is host to two bacterial
% u) {/ g7 R1 V+ r3 R1 _) @/ D3 A, w+ }endosymbionts with extremely tiny genomes. These symbionts, Tremblaya and
# v& F+ Q9 A5 k" aMoranella, live exclusively in specialized insect cells. Remarkably,
6 l2 v8 v7 ^, A3 \Moranella lives inside of Tremblaya; their relationship is the
% V+ Q( b2 K$ h# j# ~* I8 {only known bacteria-within-a-bacterium symbiosis. In this issue, Husnik et al.
! z# L  Z5 h/ \8 Q( `(pp. 1567–1578) show that this layered symbiosis is enabled by genes that have 0 g# n1 R! E6 X: I" C8 P
been horizontally transferred to the insect genome from diverse, historical
. c0 L* a) y+ ^% m# j- rbacterial infections. These transferred genes are overexpressed in the insect
( M$ H+ U. j( x2 mtissue housing Tremblaya and Moranella and seem to complement
+ Z. a, V" x2 P3 d! i2 kseveral symbiont activities. Importantly, these results show that, although the 3 P7 |( T. z+ s  r9 N. D0 V6 r
Tremblaya genome rivals some organelles in terms of size and coding ! T+ D* b# V0 v! T8 }" @. q1 e
capacity, it has not arrived at this state by transferring its own genes to the
  Q+ {& i; k5 q9 F) M7 _# o8 M" X! k1 xhost genome. Photograph by Alex Wild, University of Illinois.
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