《细胞》[Cell]13年6月20日出版pdf全文

nero1981

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Volume 153, Issue 71 C% P; L6 b! E
On the cover: The mealybug Planococcus citri is host to two bacterial $ b* `4 V- ~- i( P# d) X
endosymbionts with extremely tiny genomes. These symbionts, Tremblaya and
* @' W8 w2 P$ G- H' c4 W" g6 mMoranella, live exclusively in specialized insect cells. Remarkably, : t* S( _. A5 T. h8 i
Moranella lives inside of Tremblaya; their relationship is the 7 A. n8 Q* K$ A/ n: ]
only known bacteria-within-a-bacterium symbiosis. In this issue, Husnik et al.
, b4 E- H4 f- M& q' Y  o(pp. 1567–1578) show that this layered symbiosis is enabled by genes that have   e- Y% {* p, K! p% X8 s; `0 ~
been horizontally transferred to the insect genome from diverse, historical
& T# L9 s& C- e& k: Tbacterial infections. These transferred genes are overexpressed in the insect ' r, W) V6 \0 v6 W" U8 o/ c
tissue housing Tremblaya and Moranella and seem to complement
3 a% g' }8 |9 W2 |0 x* D$ eseveral symbiont activities. Importantly, these results show that, although the & S# P* ~$ K7 @) i
Tremblaya genome rivals some organelles in terms of size and coding   [) m, o  U7 W# }# ^8 {1 y2 Q
capacity, it has not arrived at this state by transferring its own genes to the   `1 w/ Y: \% W. t$ ?
host genome. Photograph by Alex Wild, University of Illinois.
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