Small RNAs May Have a Big Role in Embryonic Stem Cells

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! a$ l5 O, I" W; T% _  y) X# y. wJeanne F. Loring, PhD, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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As the human genome is studied in increasing depth, we2 }4 {' ^. j8 `& j
are beginning to understand that it contains a great deal* r$ F! i. A: j( `% Q6 b
more information than is written in the small amount of
1 L' u7 r: n% Ysequence that codes for proteins. We now know that
$ i6 u) }2 r1 L/ i! ~almost all of the genome is actively transcribed, and that
! i8 q1 N/ l+ M- }the vast majority of RNAs produced appear to be involved in- g3 v4 b$ C  ?! X4 y1 k/ _; A+ I
regulating the products of the 2% of the genome that codes
* C$ W7 p, E  P" `1 W1 @! I0 p$ gfor proteins1. Non-coding RNAs are involved in regulatory0 l) K5 o+ f6 u- o9 p
networks that control gene expression and have been
8 _" a/ U$ D% ~1 limplicated in a wide range of biological processes, including
% v+ X$ r6 N' Q9 @- \/ o0 p1 b# pembryonic development, evolutionary change, and cell-cell
( U" w  w1 ]& @- d6 R# ?communication. This article touches on recent evidence
: O* n8 i7 E2 A8 `" [) v9 X5 athat presages is an important role for non-coding RNAs
8 l! b) ~8 b9 e2 w- H! oin regulating human embryonic stem cell pluripotence and
) i- H/ y. G( X: r9 Gdifferentiation.
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