Small RNAs May Have a Big Role in Embryonic Stem Cells

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* e5 r3 h, C* o6 ^& LJeanne F. Loring, PhD, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Abstract
$ R* U: C  }1 L/ c3 DAs the human genome is studied in increasing depth, we
2 l/ T$ J$ N% m6 Sare beginning to understand that it contains a great deal( }) u: E% s+ ~7 e
more information than is written in the small amount of7 K; ]! B- ?5 \- B
sequence that codes for proteins. We now know that3 y. m' }' X0 _( W6 s
almost all of the genome is actively transcribed, and that
3 B) L; ~& n6 Bthe vast majority of RNAs produced appear to be involved in. b: Q+ {  v1 u0 W7 p
regulating the products of the 2% of the genome that codes
2 V" J+ u% _; `) Z; E* Ffor proteins1. Non-coding RNAs are involved in regulatory
/ I* ^6 ?, W: U, F. p3 ]- dnetworks that control gene expression and have been
; p9 k2 C7 X) G, o# |9 g/ kimplicated in a wide range of biological processes, including
9 a2 d7 o. O4 I+ P' Membryonic development, evolutionary change, and cell-cell
* K8 R( W1 j5 {6 n# `communication. This article touches on recent evidence
: X% n7 a; f# bthat presages is an important role for non-coding RNAs
5 T1 E  s7 w/ p9 f$ win regulating human embryonic stem cell pluripotence and. H# o) I% ], a7 v/ `7 i
differentiation.
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