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本帖最后由 cyperus 于 2015-7-18 19:14 编辑 \3 e$ e# s; i* T) j6 l- U
) O) \& ^" W7 b6 d5 a日本京都大学的斋藤通纪教授等人成功利用人类iPS细胞（诱导性多功能干细胞）造出了可以生成精子和卵子的“原始生殖细胞”。如果将来在试管内培育精子和卵子成为现实，将有助于解开父母生育子女的生命之谜。该成果发表于7月17日的美国学术期刊《Cell Stem Cell（细胞干细胞）》的电子版上。 - D# V0 \( K) x# b
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京都大学iPS细胞研究所为研究组提供了人类iPS细胞。首先将iPS细胞在利于神经生长的情况下培养，之后加入各种促进生殖细胞发育的试剂。从该iPS细胞培育而成的细胞与小白鼠和食蟹猴的原始生殖细胞性质相似，研究组由此得出结论，宣布成功制作出了人类原始生殖细胞。研究组计划今后研究培育人类精子和卵子的技术。
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研究组已经成功利用小白鼠iPS细胞生成的原始生殖细胞分化成卵子，并孕育出幼鼠。但是日本文部省禁止进行利用人类iPS细胞生成精子和卵子，并使其受精的实验。斋藤通纪教授表示，“是否可以进一步开展受精实验还需要全社会共同讨论。”
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4 {' X% k* w, ~# oMechanisms underlying human germ cell development are unclear, partly due to difficulties in studying human embryos and lack of suitable experimental systems. Here, we show that human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiate into incipient mesoderm-like cells (iMeLCs), which robustly generate human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) that can be purified using the surface markers EpCAM and INTEGRINα6. The transcriptomes of hPGCLCs and primordial germ cells (PGCs) isolated from non-human primates are similar, and although specification of hPGCLCs and mouse PGCs rely on similar signaling pathways, hPGCLC specification transcriptionally activates germline fate without transiently inducing eminent somatic programs. This includes genes important for naive pluripotency and repression of key epigenetic modifiers, concomitant with epigenetic reprogramming. Accordingly, BLIMP1, which represses somatic programs in mice, activates and stabilizes a germline transcriptional circuit and represses a default neuronal differentiation program. Together, these findings provide a foundation for understanding and reconstituting human germ cell development in vitro.
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发表于 2015-7-18 18:59
