|
 
- 积分
- 455
- 威望
- 455
- 包包
- 554
|
本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2010-1-14 17:51 编辑
4 x$ Q4 T9 b# H" n2 @8 [- O, n+ G) u' n9 i' N9 V
Biotechnology
+ N: [8 Z+ M5 h" N6 M# pFifth edition# |8 T# c' n$ l) Z6 T$ |
Biotechnology is the major technology of the twenty-first century – yet few
2 o/ G2 ~+ }/ U/ z7 Q4 g$ fpeople realise how much it impacts on many aspects of human society.3 ~1 x. ^9 Z( w
The defining aim of this new fifth edition is to re-establish the correct
; d! y* U' @5 ^$ h8 ?/ q% kunderstanding of the term biotechnology. Using the straightforward style/ }% D7 W- }1 @( a% c w. i
that made the previous editions of his textbook so popular, John Smith5 \. h9 ]4 u4 O6 N
once again helps students and general readers alike with the deciphering
; l9 {1 q" q* }; G# M, L9 ^- Cand use of biological knowledge.He explains the historical developments in- B$ w1 p' I* D u
biotechnology and the range of activities from brewing beer, the treatment
" Y8 w O' @- j9 s( o3 dof sewage and other wastes, and the creation of biofuels. He also discusses
+ C" u6 z4 S8 W& l5 E; B$ lthe innovations in molecular biology, genomics and proteomics, systems
( o }' J; r5 l; T/ Dbiology and their impact on new biotechnology. In this edition John Smith
/ X2 X4 U( g; p9 i, v! B Balso re-examines the ethics and morality of aspects of biotechnology and8 M. ?. z6 e9 D* `
puts new emphasis on stem cells and regenerative medicine and micro; ~# q4 Q, n3 P/ K" Z+ K2 E
RNA.
4 K/ `) Y" j6 |2 ~6 x& Y$ }9 NJohn E. Smith is Emeritus Professor of Applied Microbiology in the' d; W |% @# G9 t: K, j
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde,
/ I6 @2 t1 `! b0 O2 |Glasgow and Scientific Advisor to GlycaNova, Norway.* z- p/ g: f6 J3 M: d0 |8 E& V1 Q
( D1 D, L |7 D4 i% I: ~9 J
Preface6 |* _6 Z. h# ]1 Y! ]
A defining aim of this fifth edition of Biotechnology has been to re-establish
0 F7 N4 F& t, i! m( Y3 h6 w( }4 q! Pthe correct understanding of the true meaning of biotechnology.
( u. ?( k, V: U5 i; T; P$ ?Biotechnology is in essence the deciphering and use of biological knowledge.: c3 P- D( Z$ X% b' ?, u( w
It is highly multidisciplinary since it has its foundations in many
: @# B1 c' j+ b' @- Adisciplines including biology, microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology,' [$ c( M; D! g! h, e% J! `
genetics, chemistry and chemical and process engineering. It may also
+ g$ E, i) X6 F( b. c& sbe viewed as a series of enabling technologies that involve the practical: J3 r/ F. E3 I$ W4 O# N7 p" Z
application of organisms (especially microorganisms) or their cellular components
, s- C' p1 Z0 k2 ~to manufacturing and service industries and environmental management.
4 c; a7 S1 p3 [% [Historically, biotechnology was an artisanal skill rather than a
$ d: I# @9 T8 H* B9 Cscience, exemplified in themanufacture ofwines, beers, cheeses, etc.where
: W+ [5 m; Z9 Athe techniques of manufacture were well worked out and reproducible,4 \2 t. d* `: Z% B. \9 ?
while the biological mechanisms were not understood. As the scientific X: J# X& f3 n, ~) T5 P7 b; I
basis of these biotechnology processes has developed this has led to more# u: |4 a( E/ J2 O' R$ n9 Q
efficient manufacturing of the traditional processes that still represent the$ e3 @* A. b0 |
major financial returns of biotechnology, i.e. bread, beers, wines, cheeses,
& M# Z: j, S( b9 retc. Modern biotechnological processes have generated a wide range of new
% D+ W5 t3 W- r6 `" ^and novel products including antibiotics, vaccines and monoclonal antibodies,
+ i5 T& P4 E' U5 Tthe production of which has been optimised by improved fermentation
. Y6 V' r4 A( I$ P! ~6 v8 R* ]: gpractices. Biotechnology has been further revolutionised by a range
6 ~- x: B' o3 U; pof new molecular biology innovations, allowing unprecedented molecular
8 N! e2 v4 h' T% o. xchanges to be made to living organisms. The increasing understanding of
; F& `& ~5 C+ l; z2 v7 X8 x$ r6 h _genomics and proteomics has led to the creation of a vast range of transgenic0 G- m- c( l: s8 r5 U
microorganisms, agricultural (genetically modified) crops and animals,
" _- M* J/ \, L4 rand major new recombinant protein drugs, and has revolutionised
; `1 D! t* [1 F! W0 t3 v6 L& Mactivities in the traditional food and drinks industries. In the environment,- G% A \, r8 s. n
biotechnology innovations are creating major advances in water* y8 a* n& B) R. W# s0 E8 X
and land management and also remediating the pollution generated by
( s" F5 u- q8 r- E/ L+ ]over-industrialisation.) d4 X) B( C% {+ T e% Q
There have been vast investments in molecular diagnostics, not only in) D2 D+ ]. V# }% W' B
medicine but in plant and animal agriculture and the environment. Will! h3 z! I3 K# ]7 u9 g
the huge potential of stem cells for remedial medicine soon be realised?3 Y8 E9 p( k) v, K5 n
Until recently, much attention has been given to determining the ‘nuts
P ?# I7 g) G: e% Uand bolts’ of biological systems. Now, systems biology is aiming to describe
8 u4 f9 Y# M" pand to understand the operation of complex biological systems and ultimately1 {8 b8 p' d3 p+ J V
to develop predictive models of, for example, human disease and
! Y( b$ \; _9 P2 J! C# G3 {( E" lcomplex fermenter systems used in biotechnology." ]4 s! z9 l! N# F
Some of the new aspects of biotechnology, such as genetic engineering,6 k2 a4 R* m7 r! g& v7 k7 h: k
have aroused certain social sensitivities of an ethical, moral and political
, G+ C0 P3 m, Acharacter. Regulatory authorities throughout the world are now examining
9 s* x( R. s' M& n* Y' u4 h( f. Othe implications of these new and revolutionary techniques. It is hoped that
8 d* g, ^8 F8 F( \common sense will prevail.
/ g5 U# U0 e1 F0 q( \+ z! @Undoubtedly, modern biotechnology can only maximise its full potential
) [4 G0 e/ z; w. Kto benefit mankind through achieving a basis of public understanding,
1 `; @3 u4 u9 P; Xawareness, and knowledge of the technologies. Participating scientists must learn to communicate openly with the public and attempt to demystify the1 y; \* G; l$ E
complex nature of living systems. By doing so they will generate a greater
! F# e/ \( k/ [6 \( @* h1 v" c1 ?level of confidence and trust between the scientific community and the5 Q' x4 E! e9 e& ]
public at large.
2 Z( M8 C3 l% WThis expanded fifth edition of Biotechnology is again aimed to give an! X8 P2 m; g9 s/ J6 A _- A! M$ Q: K
integrated overview of its complex, multifaceted and often ill-maligned5 O$ S, B: s0 R1 O/ m" } H
subjects, and for some young readers to point the way forward to exciting,8 A' {+ k! a8 G; s
satisfying and rewarding careers. Biotechnology will undoubtedly be the
6 a& k/ j' o! Y* p8 _1 P" z9 n/ Hmajor technology of the twenty-first century and should be so recognised( d8 ^/ d$ J5 q {. f
by the lay public.
4 E! a& p3 l5 Y, O: ?" j' O d* TI amagain deeply indebted to the long-suffering Elizabeth Clements for
. D; F+ s+ N- r! M# W5 Vher skilful processing of the manuscript and her continued dedication. |
附件: 你需要登录才可以下载或查看附件。没有帐号？注册
-
总评分: 威望 + 10
包包 + 10
查看全部评分
|
发表于 2010-1-14 17:41
发表于 2010-1-14 17:50
发表于 2010-1-18 03:47
