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Mesenchymal stem cells: the fibroblasts’ new clothes?! {1 g+ Y; d* @4 t& s/ _+ W, f
ABSTRACT 8 ~$ I# |, ~8 _4 ]+ b2 N
Mesenchymal stem cells are adherent stromal cells, initially isolated from the bone marrow, characterized by their ability
' E$ A5 Z; N% W3 Yto differentiate into mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage and fat. They have also been shown to suppress" R8 I: |! I8 t9 [5 R' M0 I
immune responses in vitro. Because of these properties, mesenchymal stem cells have recently received a very high profile.
$ A; b7 F9 h' v0 j$ w$ ^' QDespite the dramatic benefits reported in early phase clinical trials, their functions remain poorly understood.4 P/ i) L5 }5 q1 c0 x
Particularly, several questions remain concerning the origin of mesenchymal stem cells and their relationship to other
; a$ O1 ]: n3 X( u8 Y8 b7 f; T; C6 Bstromal cells such as fibroblasts. Whereas clear gene expression signatures are imprinted in stromal cells of different4 `& k, D2 `+ @/ e: p4 @; O
anatomical origins, the anti-proliferative effects of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts and their potential to differentiate1 J$ A! |. f$ o6 m7 W
appear to be common features between these two cell types. In this review, we summarize recent studies in the- P9 d+ \5 [% z9 L
context of historical and often neglected stromal cell literature, and present the evidence that mesenchymal stem cells and/ @7 m5 E0 r1 n5 b, x
fibroblasts share much more in common than previously recognized.
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