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Mesenchymal stem cells: the fibroblasts’ new clothes?+ D/ u. f! H6 L1 N
ABSTRACT
$ v( \8 ?' `8 }9 Z0 F/ S3 rMesenchymal stem cells are adherent stromal cells, initially isolated from the bone marrow, characterized by their ability
: q) Q5 _6 p5 O, Q6 yto differentiate into mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage and fat. They have also been shown to suppress
/ m8 V0 K# @: P I* limmune responses in vitro. Because of these properties, mesenchymal stem cells have recently received a very high profile.5 g. A5 u- d$ f, G' D
Despite the dramatic benefits reported in early phase clinical trials, their functions remain poorly understood. H" K0 V$ R$ f& D0 u
Particularly, several questions remain concerning the origin of mesenchymal stem cells and their relationship to other9 N$ e3 M( F6 {, E, e6 R% k
stromal cells such as fibroblasts. Whereas clear gene expression signatures are imprinted in stromal cells of different
6 ^+ \% A4 y! [* [, c0 Yanatomical origins, the anti-proliferative effects of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts and their potential to differentiate
- Q6 }9 g! a4 p4 t( n; g4 w- b6 yappear to be common features between these two cell types. In this review, we summarize recent studies in the
! @) i* E4 e! K3 {context of historical and often neglected stromal cell literature, and present the evidence that mesenchymal stem cells and
/ B- [1 T2 c; H8 Afibroblasts share much more in common than previously recognized.# ~' B6 ]# R7 m' S. ~+ _3 _
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