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Protocol for the production of viable bimaternal mouse embryos; d" P- E9 Y8 R
' p2 @" V+ ]. Q# U( k# F8 pManabu Kawahara1, Yayoi Obata1, Yusuke Sotomaru2, Nobuhiro Shimozawa3, Siqin Bao4, Toshitaka, L, p' C% ?/ j/ w9 j- A7 ~
Tsukadaira1, Atsushi Fukuda1 & Tomohiro Kono1
. _3 M( g) `: F* a) w1 x+ _1Department of BioScience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan. 2Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development,: O( @& ?8 ~5 p( v. y
Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. 3Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation,
" J1 B& \/ ]# j* I! A, k1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan. 4The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
$ C0 p0 j! h$ @8 {0 u2 }8 |: YCorrespondence should be addressed to T.K. (tomohiro@nodai.ac.jp).' U( m! H0 n9 ~9 ?% ~1 ]! L
Published online 17 January 2008; doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.531+ l2 T/ r2 A" C @- c
A reliable nuclear transfer method was first reported in 1983; it provided definite evidence that parthenogenetic embryos are lethal
; z/ G3 l' S' Z) {$ z4 Iat early postimplantation in mammals. Subsequently, nuclear transfer has been extensively used as an important and versatile tool3 ~. S7 `, b' k! t
for investigating embryo and somatic-cell cloning and nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions. Further development of this technique has$ b# u [/ n2 [+ H6 S; { s
enabled the generation of bimaternal embryos containing two haploid sets of maternal genomes from female germ cells of different
7 ]% k( M- E8 G6 |0 x+ corigins. By using a 2-d nuclear transfer system for oocyte reconstruction, viable mice can be produced solely from maternal genomes,: \: n- \9 \7 y: p5 J" J- K. @
without the participation of the paternal genome. This oocyte reconstruction system, as described in this protocol, could provide% H9 I, y2 ^$ |
valuable guidelines for exploring the potential endowments of gametes and for conferring novel properties to them.4 _+ g+ T3 A4 v+ U" K* ~
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