PDF电子书：A Dictionary of Genetics

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: J, Q4 h5 x! v# r& `# c3 ^A Dictionary of Genetics
- `5 l6 \0 Y. J  o6 ?* R( `# CPreface1 A" N. e: W% N5 n
The field of genetics continues to advance at an astounding pace, marked
$ S  I' ~" i, t: T2 Jby numerous extraordinary achievements in recent years. In just the past
- H+ W* A+ e5 r7 @ten years, the genomic sequence of a multitude of organisms, from archaebacteria9 e/ J! f$ B: |2 s7 k  p9 l* S
to large eukaryotes, has been determined and in many cases, comparatively
6 }, h/ K* ]% {1 e# nanalyzed in remarkable detail. Expressed sequence tags are being& U* K3 e# a+ h$ r" N  M! O( O
used for the detection of new genes and for genome annotation. DNA( B, d5 t  [/ W, S3 Z  }
microarray technology has taken the study of gene expression and genetic
& s: X) ?2 J0 L' Ovariation to a global, genome-wide scale. Hundreds of new genes and microbial' w1 f* E+ c- `) {+ u- ~2 G
species have been identified by reconstructing the DNA sequences$ W$ N, a( N' b; }8 G% Y0 h( W
of entire communities of microorganisms collected in environmental samples.' r. z2 ^* `+ }& q
A wide variety of new regulatory functions have been assigned to+ Z; R% [9 `2 [& M' }+ i
RNA, and RNA interference has become an effective tool for creating loss6 i/ a9 L/ D4 Q( s
of function phenotypes.
, r8 E4 i7 L  `% Y) m2 n. h, ~2 YSuch momentous advances in genetics have been accompanied by a deluge+ H* I# O! `  }% T  Y
of new experimental techniques, computational technologies, databases
6 I0 d$ q) ^: u$ z- d) x+ Wand internet sites, periodicals and books, and, of course, concepts
- H# G, W2 r. q$ E6 }( ?and terms. Furthermore, as new terminology emerges, many old terms inevitably  B  k$ J0 p6 m6 [# U6 a
recede from use or require revision. All this is reflected in the5 p# j6 \( z, }; O% F( s
changing content of A Dictionary of Genetics, from the publication of its8 V. B) \! H/ s- d5 E/ }6 z
first edition to this seventh edition, 37 years later. This new edition has
; |4 Q+ U6 [/ N& Jundergone an extensive overhaul, involving one or more changes (additions,' V" v" ]9 \' V% v, `( R! @
deletions, or modifications of entries) on 95% of the pages of the* l- Q# p- v! P$ x- M
previous one. The seventh edition contains nearly 7,000 definitions, of4 f. X' L8 R  d. t  p) G; l
which 20% are revised or new, and nearly 1,100 Chronology entries, of
) @* |6 Y( P7 w$ L! l" S, Uwhich 30% are revised or new. Three hundred of the definitions are accompanied
7 j8 O5 f2 v# T2 w' m, @9 |  V; g# z1 [by illustrations or tables, and 16 of these are new. In addition,0 v7 V9 S/ ?% J5 i; {
dozens of recent research papers, books, periodicals, and internet sites of; z0 G  S) ]; g  f. A
genetic importance have been added to the appropriate Appendices of the
9 p2 l$ i2 Y& I8 wcurrent edition.
8 u+ U+ J, g4 A, e" x: KThe year 2006 marks the 100th anniversary of the introduction of the. X0 E) F8 ^1 b% |; z) q
term genetics by the British biologist William Bateson. In this seventh edition
9 f! ]: J, R. W1 l5 U. lof A Dictionary of Genetics, the term genetics itself has been updated,
3 M- r0 t# I. k' L/ s# A9 preflecting progress in understanding and technique over the years, and necessitated
( c5 ~) q- w" u$ Bby the convergence of classical and molecular genetics. Genetics
' Y" N, l2 v' k+ Ptoday is no longer simply the study of heredity in the old sense, i.e., the
, {% Y: n. A' L8 \# D1 cstudy of inheritance and of variation of biological traits, but also the study。。。。。。。。。6 O3 E- u3 E6 K3 Z" e

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