科学家成功利用成年干细胞得到软组织(Researchers

雪原

来自美国Columbia大学的研究小组最近计划利用病人自身骨髓来培养软组织，这些软组织可用于面部及胸部修复等。 美国国家生物医学成像及生物工程研究所提供给此项研究250万美元的资助，而来自Columbia医学中心的团队由牙科副教授JeremyMao领导，他们的目标是利用从病人自身获得的干细胞来得到能长期使用的软组织。这些干细胞能最终分化为面部的骨骼、脂肪、软骨等组织，这为由于战争、肿瘤或意外事故等导致的面部损伤带来了治疗的希望。 Mao表示：“研究显示间质干细胞得到的组织有着很好的生物相容性，并且这些细胞可持续增生以防止组织收缩。” 目前的移植手术通常从患者身体直接获取组织，这会导致新伤口产生。并且由于移植细胞的死亡还会使移植的组织收缩到70%左右，失去原有的形状和体积。科学家曾尝试使用脂肪细胞，但是它们寿命也有限。 Columbia小组由生物学家、生物医学工程师、生物材料科学家、成像专家和外科医生组成，他们已经证明人类成年干细胞可以得到寿命很长的组织，并可以移植给老鼠。由于拥有复制及分化的能力，干细胞可以使软组织再生，保证移植组织不收缩。在老鼠中，这些细胞成功的分化为脂肪细胞，并且能保持其形状和大小至少一个月。这些干细胞还可以制成任意形状及大小，因此它们还可用于胸部修复。
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英文原文：
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Researchers Use Adult Stem Cells to Create Soft Tissue
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$ g; m: z( J5 C0 LA Columbia University research team aims to create soft tissue from patients' own bone marrow to perform facial or breast reconstruction. , o  D6 h! x6 a  p* r- X
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With a $2.5 million grant from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, the goal of the Columbia University Medical Center team, led by Jeremy Mao, associate professor of dental medicine, is to create long-lasting soft tissue implants from stem cells harvested from the patient. These stem cells can differentiate into bone, fat, cartilage and other types of cells for facial reconstruction following disfiguring injuries from war, cancer surgery or accidents. “Our research has shown that mesenchymal stem cells can create tissue that is biocompatible with the host and that the continuous generation of these cells can replenish the implant to reduce shrinkage,” Mao says. Currently, surgeons often graft from the patient’s own tissue, which creates additional wounds. Grafted cells also fail to stay alive, causing implants to shrink up to 70 percent and lose their shape and volume. Attempts have also been made to use fat cells left over after liposuction, but those cells also have a limited lifespan. ) u5 g. _- p2 i/ d0 N+ W' h
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# I- u  A  l. L" C$ l* ?6 yThe Columbia team of biologists, biomedical engineers, biomaterial scientists, imaging experts and surgeons has shown that human adult stem cells can create long-lasting implants in mice. The implant is created by placing the stem cells into an FDA-approved scaffold that mimics the conditions needed to turn stem cells into fat cells. Because stem cells have the ability to replicate and differentiate, they can regenerate the soft tissue, keeping the implant from shrinking. In mice, these cells have successfully created fat cells that could be implanted and retained their size and shape for at least a month. Because the implants can be molded into any size or shape, they could also be used for breast reconstruction. Source: Columbia University   
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