PDF电子书：Epigenetics and Human Health

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Preface& Z4 e* X2 r# ^" I' r
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We all know only too well that our way of life, the food we eat, smoking, stress or
% G3 c4 @  c7 j) Nenvironmental toxins infl uence our health. But we have just started to learn how
0 J/ |& K" b+ s* b" }these environmental factors cooperate with our hereditary genetic dispositions to/ `. K: p/ G. b- l% _$ Y# @
determine health or the development of diseases.1 O3 B' e2 I* x; ]
Moreover, we did not know until recently that all these factors may also infl uence
: g7 ~7 d  }( {the health of our children and grandchildren to whom we may transmit
. L. A  W+ L, jfunctional changes of our genes. Are we really responsible for the well - being of
1 w5 W6 _8 p0 ]* E- ~" _our unborn descendants?
- E% F% d0 r& n1 YDoes nutrition or stress in our early childhood and in our daily life determine
+ Y! z" h$ @4 ?+ j0 F' z2 o% _functions of genes and tissues by epigenetic mechanisms? And how does this
$ V& V' g* F  T5 D% Y4 Zinfl uence change during life affecting ageing and longevity? To what extent is. w" M: g- |% h% w, G" s
there an inheritance of environmentally acquired characteristics? These are
+ v' M8 l: C: \: @main questions in epigenetics, a new and exciting hot topic in natural sciences+ V% E2 ]+ z$ s% I' U% K0 x, v
linking multiple hereditary and environmental impacts on our health ( http://www.# ], x  k. O& O% E/ o7 @
integratedhealthcare.eu ).
9 R2 J6 m$ g. ~+ A* ]/ sIt has been noted in an article “ Epigenetics: The Science of Change ” of the
, p; [6 z9 m: N2 z& D* X, pEnvironmental Health Perspectives , that interest in epigenetics is increasing “ as it# z4 @2 _; T- o3 N* l) `3 G2 C% W  H
has become clear that understanding epigenetics and epigenomics – the genomewide
& w& U9 J% J* a" R' @. h2 ~7 S7 v7 X9 \distribution of epigenetic changes – will be essential in work related to0 X$ v$ I" q' Z; N, Y
many other topics requiring a thorough understanding of all aspects of genetics,0 f% E9 A! O2 k# ]2 C3 E
such as stem cells, cloning, aging, synthetic biology, species conservation, evolution,
. `9 e" W7 y/ `8 O- G7 _* N: Land agri culture ” ( http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/114-3/focus.
! ^/ N- n5 O. h  dhtml ). Because of this interaction of epigenetics with so many scientifi c and
9 t! F9 r* A9 ptechnological fi elds, epigenetics will be at the center of public, governmental and7 _9 P- R6 x" r- K: ~9 n/ @
scientifi c interest.
# ^7 j! J6 C; T' d. U" K4 EThere are now great books available which thoroughly describe mechanisms of
8 J/ V5 m! I: _. M5 z; x0 fepigenetics. The idea for this book was born at a meeting at the University of' J( q2 ^" n* P$ f) O9 H( i+ h
Vienna where participants from different areas of nutrition, environmental and' W) U+ g7 J# W$ D& L
molecular biology stressed the need of more discussion on concepts towards1 O" S2 Q* m! i6 H% J. Y
environmental health interactions between scientists of these disciplines.
6 c1 {) z$ ~8 @6 T$ x( R! H- D/ GClearly the more optimistic aspect of the possibility to prevent, interfere or even
0 g4 \* F) X4 `7 icorrect epigenetic marks which could result in hazards for diseases, e.g. by dietary4 H" D! |/ S6 T$ I
concepts or changes of our personal environment and lifestyle, encourages the. l2 a0 z6 u  b" w$ E7 V" ^
work in epigenetics. In contrast many results from the analysis of hereditary* I2 H- k7 Q! C
genetic dispositions can only be respected.
! \$ {4 ^( S# `' S  Q  N1 u4 }# cThis book picks a transdisciplinary approach focusing on the new understanding
& v7 D* e: p( c5 gof epigenetic and gene - environment interactions for scientifi c, biomedical,
( Q- g& \, G' V2 V! ^; V' [toxicological, environmental, nutritional, evolutionary and regulatory aspects. It
, B3 B! }: _# b8 @8 Cfocuses on the views of the many exceptional scientists working in these different
6 n% i  ^2 p9 s! S7 careas towards epigenetics and health environmental interactions.- }8 W% D, R+ \4 T
The articles in Part I of the book emphasize the interactions between concepts: ?. y- d9 x) l6 `* v
of genetic diversity, epigenetics, environmental health, molecular epidemiology,
; d. l$ Q. _( _1 }: U" C0 Lnutrition and evolution theory. Part II focuses on hereditary aspects, Part III on2 D7 P6 X; l2 i# Y# b. P
environmental and toxicological aspects. Part IV extends on nutritional aspects.2 E% @! H0 W# b
In Part V the new understanding of epigenetics and environmental health interactions
- B5 C0 D3 g* Iis detailed in case studies of fi elds such as gynecology, oncology, infectious
1 v$ \5 H  w+ T4 v/ N& idiseases, asthma, or neurodegenerative diseases. The last Part VI explores concepts
; s+ \6 r# j& b( i( C+ _8 k1 xto translate the new understanding into public health policies and strategies
! R. ?4 B- _: l  Dincluding principal ethical aspects.
; q: l3 |) F( a" GThe book is targeted at scientists, environmental, nutritional and health experts,
& J0 y/ Q3 \6 M& b, L  ~geneticists, experts in science communication, policy makers, experts from standard
7 @8 y) @! {' A5 a1 N& _5 wsetting authorities, teachers as well as scientifi cally experienced consumers
7 G- M! W% @7 `; @. k# s. Zinterested in interdisciplinary aspects in this area.3 V, J7 U- B3 V) q+ L+ h3 U
The major objective of the book is to strengthen the understanding of interactions
8 I" e% U" n2 R5 X. i/ i, |between hereditary, genetic and environmental interactions and to bridge
6 r" C* F4 o, U& o  _+ Lgaps which often have evolved between scientifi c disciplines of molecular, genetic
& l7 n+ N8 ]. L! Y: o* D1 Uand biotechnological areas on one side and environmental oriented sciences,/ J- @( ~6 }8 l# J
conservation biology and environmental health on the other.4 J$ X$ S1 ], Q( D2 l; ?  N1 D
We thank all the brilliant authors who have contributed, as the summary of their
7 X$ z5 ~" T- g& b8 u% J* _distinguished views on this complex area is the essence of this book.) ^) s  U: H; b+ p( E& ]  \
We do hope that you all enjoy the rather rough ride through the newly emerging
! F/ v; X/ ~, N. e: e, Dand exciting fi elds of epigenetics!
, `" o  X! K0 b# UVienna, September 2009 Alexander G. Haslberger
) `) F7 b0 [) y9 Y! j[hide][/hide]

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