异种器官移植为目的的转基因猪

hyde

Genetic modification of pigs for solid organ xenotransplantation7 P8 e5 |7 X! Q
异种器官为目的的转基因猪
; ?6 Z, n' T; S; V: P$ \+ v原文来自于http://www.transplantationreviews.com/article/S0955-470X(10)00071-6/abstract. i+ i9 s* R, W. F* [
有干细胞之家Hyde翻译，转载请注明。% d7 B% L+ l# I* }$ Y
翻译：0 D" N( y8 }* W* a: t0 W
摘要：小型猪被广泛认为是人类异种实质性器官移植最合适的供体，而要想将其应用于临床，一定要对猪进行基因修饰。对异种移植障碍的研究认识让我们意识到要通过提高基因操作技术来解决这些问题。现在已经能够通过过表达补体调节因子或者定点敲除合成主要异种抗原糖的酶来克服超急性排斥反应。接下来的无序凝血障碍、诱导抗体、细胞介导的排斥反应仍然是存在的挑战。现在这些不兼容反应的机制已经被弄清楚，研究者正着手于多基因修饰来解决这些问题。另外，新技术的出现帮助我们及时地产生相当多的基因修饰猪。这篇文章本文追溯了转基因猪用于异种器官移植的基础和前期工作，这些工作推进了其向临床应用的迈进。) B( B4 f2 d4 o5 u3 h, a" L6 K

2 W# m" P% Y8 RAbstract3 D- f' a% x' T# |
Xenotransplantation of solid organs will only ever become a clinical reality with genetic modification of the pig, which is now widely
" v& h% Y: }" Z! Q) I* r- Y9 |, Haccepted as the most likely donor species for humans. The understanding of the barriers to xenotransplantation has required advances in% S4 u3 ]& e. w) s, F3 R. _
genetic technologies to resolve these problems. Hyperacute rejection has been overcome by overexpression of complement regulatory
3 a$ ~: ^6 k# \' L8 n8 Hproteins or targeted disruption of the enzyme associated with the major carbohydrate xenoantigen. The subsequent barriers of disordered
5 S$ W: p; `9 Pcoagulation, induced antibody, and cell-mediated rejection remain challenging. The mechanisms for these incompatibilities are being
6 q# W+ L  K; }, Q3 w; C5 W8 zdeciphered, and multiple genetic manipulations to resolve these issues are currently in progress. Moreover, new technologies offer help to! j) n) Z8 a* ?+ D0 {- I
producing sizeable numbers of modified pigs in a timely manner. This article retraces the basis and foreshadows progress of the genetically1 ?9 {$ m8 Z3 `. b
modified pig for xenotransplantation as it advances toward the clinic.
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" l; e5 p0 `0 D# O4 ~' e2 q个人理解，多多指点……( J* K* v/ Y( ^

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tpwang

回复 hyde 的帖子
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( }* h* F( h# E一些建议：
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) d% H, f8 k" ~5 ]8 R小型猪被广泛认为是人类异种实质性器官移植最合适的供体，而要想将其应用于临床，一定要对猪进行基因修饰。/ d( E. Y! l* M% r0 j
Xenotransplantation of solid organs will only ever become a clinical reality with genetic modification of the pig, which is now widely accepted as the most likely donor species for humans.
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9 s" H' X& J5 f9 ^1 u8 w5 P) Owidely accepted as the most likely直接翻译为“被认为是最合适的”稍显强了些，“普遍认为是最有希望的”，或者“普遍认为是最有可能的”好些。
6 ^; p3 M1 |& Twill only ever become a clinical reality，指的是上述可能性要变为临床现实的必要条件，原意是“只有……才能……”，不妨翻译为“而要实现其临床应用，必须……”。# M0 G! x" I! a" W3 m" {
按照你的句型：目前普遍认为小型猪是异种实体器官移植最有希望的供体动物，而要实现其临床应用，必须对猪进行基因改造。”) a/ H; C6 u! U2 l5 A
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对异种移植障碍的研究认识让我们意识到要通过提高基因操作技术来解决这些问题。
: |* p( r" R) n/ S& t) i* h; w/ SThe understanding of the barriers to xenotransplantation has required advances in genetic technologies to resolve these problems.
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对异种移植所存在的障碍的认识，有赖于解决这些障碍的基因技术的进步。（这句英文也比较别扭）% b4 S+ E! o" A$ I0 g+ b

6 W5 ^$ u: f& I+ M6 A, ]: ]: F$ i现在这些不兼容反应的机制已经被弄清楚，研究者正着手于多基因修饰来解决这些问题。
2 Y" e9 k) a+ F! ZThe mechanisms for these incompatibilities are being deciphered, and multiple genetic manipulations to resolve these issues are currently in progress. # M  y6 b- ~( ?& J& {/ {

: ]* E' c. D) U* T% Eare being deciphered是正在进行时，不能翻译为“已经”。multiple genetic manipulations也不应该是“多基因”技术而是“多种基因改造技术”，multiple是修饰manipulations的，而不是修饰gene的。3 D& i" _  ~8 L0 }) T
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另外，新技术的出现帮助我们及时地产生相当多的基因修饰猪。5 |9 }+ ?. M7 e" P. M
Moreover, new technologies offer help to producing sizeable numbers of modified pigs in a timely manner.
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而且，新的技术有助于及时提供必要数量的基因改造猪。4 N* [7 M# c3 v

0 i* A3 {3 S+ ]/ ]& f这篇文章本文追溯了转基因猪用于异种器官移植的基础和前期工作，这些工作推进了其向临床应用的迈进。4 w' J5 Y2 p) {& C" _
This article retraces the basis and foreshadows progress of the genetically modified pig for xenotransplantation as it advances toward the clinic.
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  r2 I' [# W% ~& K/ z; r( yforeshadows是与retraces并列的动词谓语，意思是在回溯的同时，也展望（预想）了（未来的进展）。* y4 Q% C2 s& W+ z
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另外，modification翻译为“修饰”是否窄了些，修饰只是基因改造技术之一，还有其他。

hyde

谢谢……看来有些细节还是没用心呀……

Sirius.V-1500

期待期待！！！！！！