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本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2011-4-2 20:40 编辑
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( Z) ~: q, N4 O" A/ U3 c[hide][/hide]/ e; U* h P! J3 V# t# Q
$ i0 y: I& O4 a' T5 X+ p. V1 P
! X4 j) a s/ ~5 xCONTENTS
' S# |4 T( X+ c$ ^7 t( r- ^7 IPreface
; r+ P3 @" P2 K( U7 OPart One. Fundamentals of Genetic Processes
7 g1 ~: v3 d, Q1. Introductory Concepts 3
3 f( `" p* n$ _: e0 _( X1.1 What is DNA and What is a Gene? 3
' q6 l% P f( h* a1.2 What is Gene Cloning? 4- j# f9 w4 V2 m) Z2 F$ o8 M: {. e! ]
1.3 Cell Organization 5" U/ m" U0 _% N2 x5 n7 m0 W9 D
1.4 Heredity Factors and Traits 6
5 \0 V8 V" `1 h2 @+ p; {1 A1.5 Mitosis and Meiosis 98 k# E5 r5 S& b) ?
1.6 Relating Genes to Inherited Trait 10; T' B' C$ M( f# \6 h
1.7 Why Gene Cloning? 118 x4 {& Y! ^; Z5 `; y0 s9 h& R8 z
Review 133 m" P$ |1 P. q) I; w$ \0 y
2. Structures of Nucleic Acids 15* [ A6 c1 J3 i a9 m) o
2.1 3'-0H and 5'-P Ends 15* L' ~* q8 p B* ^
2.2 Purine and Pyrimidine Bases 16
( l# r" V# P& S# x" f3 G4 [# i2.3 Complementary Base Pairing 17
2 h5 c W: X3 ~2.4 Writing a DNA Molecule 18
) z+ a2 B7 K4 G+ V; v: S$ C2.5 Describing DNA sizes 19- j5 o# h. `% \" U5 {" Y. \& c
2.6 Denaturation and Renaturation 19
5 \5 v: o9 h. Y" t4 ^: D! a2.7 Ribonucleic Acid 20
$ {( L) N* H: e a! {9 dReview 21
& }; a' T# g# w0 yStructures of Proteins 23' A" u, V! i' e% _
3.1 Amino Acids 23- z' ~ M- ]0 R
3.2 The Peptide Bond 259 ~. r5 t+ b+ b4 p: a# d7 X6 |* j; o
3.3 Structural Organization 26' ~- o* S% [ l
3.4 Postranslational Modification 27% p2 c; N6 Z. w# U O
3.5 Enzymes 28
1 I* s8 s9 f8 a* H; a& yReview 30
& I! N$ f& c) d4 C8 q; z4 xThe Genetic Process 31 ?5 [5 d- D9 b
4.1 From Genes to Proteins 31
* t% b6 P* | }' D" q# ]4.2 Transcription 31" j6 Q( H/ c) b3 a
4.3 Translation 32
" i8 h0 ?% J: t+ ~7 [6 b4.4 The Genetic Code 332 d; ~2 f y5 s% T3 p$ q/ u
4.5 Why Present a Sequence Using the Coding Strand? 341 y# \3 u6 ?! X# b
4.6. The Reading Frame 357 I1 w1 V& w8 H8 l# e1 U7 y8 J
4.7 DNA Replication 37
1 l, l. x, Q/ O. Y4.8 The Replicon and Replication Origin 38% G- V# U5 Y, a2 o
4.9 Relating Replication to Gene Cloning 39
4 B9 g" m$ G; Z |% m7 UReview 39% _" H! p4 c7 R
Organization of Genes 41
& y; T- P& J6 i5.1 The Lactose Operon 418 y' ~3 ~- T) N# Z& o
5.2 Control of Transcription 42, n4 K5 g. a- `" }4 k! f' j
5.2.1 The Transcription Start Site and Termination Site 42
' T& l) |3 n- [9 g( S V3 ?5.2.2 When Does Transcription Start or Stop? 44& ]5 t* r4 m& b4 k
5.3. Control of Translation 46; T- y$ C; S& v7 W* s. d
5.3.1 Ribosome Binding Site and Start Codon 46" P0 d, v1 E* V; \$ g5 k- b0 \. L
5.3.2 Translation Termination Site 47, G" a, c; i# _6 F7 m" G
5.4 The Tryptophan Operson 47$ Y) d+ k% C, D; ?4 l+ {3 b9 _
5.4.1 Co-repressor 480 \) N$ k: j5 g3 A! ~
5.4.2 Attenuation 48
) F- t/ p3 C) k" m, t5.4.3 Hybrid Promoters 49
# j" J1 F0 J' d7 ~5.5 The Control System in Eukaryotic Cells 49+ \% q6 r* v9 H; g* Z( J
5.5.1 Transcriptional Control 49, C7 [, a& c& y9 k1 e3 C. a
5.5.2 Introns and Exons 515 `8 Q; M- P- Y% h+ ]
5.5.3 Capping and Tailing 52
* T. W" u7 y+ U8 w5.5.4 Ribosome Binding Sequence 52; K/ F7 g* J: W5 Q& A0 ~, X; z
5.5.5 Monocistronic and Polycistronic 523 V' Y% l0 e R
Review 60
3 r. @8 }/ _7 {" z* ]4 c6. Reading the Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene 55- w- y b$ q) h
6.1 The E. coli dut gene 559 Z p5 b- B3 V) A; z
6.2 The human bgn gene 584 d8 X, M9 D- N3 l9 S& s
6.2.1 Reading the genomic sequence 58
) n; I% Y; l6 g0 u0 t6.2.2 Reading the cDNA sequence 62
0 _ @( @7 |! W8 C; |9 ?Part Two. Techniques and Strategies of Gene Cloning
9 F. P: ^: ?/ X4 E+ F# f5 d5 ?7. Enzymes Used in Cloning 69
- F' i* M$ {. k5 u7.1 Restriction Enzymes 692 J( F9 {2 P5 ~+ _2 u s h, |# u/ E
7.2 Ligase 70) W- \4 o# O- P i$ T8 T
7.3 DNA Polymerases 71
: d! ~) {3 w4 S' n7.3.1 E. coli DNA Polymerase 1 71
% X, j% S" F- ]) M: [8 f7.3.2 Bacteriophage T4 and T7 polymerase 738 }* o' Z; F/ v: _7 P: T' o" f
7.3.3 Reverse Transcriptase 747 h; f4 m# b0 X8 W' L& k+ _8 O E
7.3.4 RNA Polymerase 749 Z4 a6 [' r" T( \; X! i
7.4 Phosphatase and kinase 746 {) J4 e4 b, F1 G Q$ _) [
Review 75
6 v ]3 O0 `: r/ g6 L- A" l: N7 _8. Techniques Used in Cloning 774 \. V. i, s1 m" p) ?) {) A P: V) S
8.1 DNA Isolation
$ l* z4 |* d5 ^% X! }4 Y8.2 Gel Electrophoresis
$ y. T1 c6 d& P8 T8.2.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
% q9 w( f% W( e: j; v8.2.2 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis# \# E* Q" E. i! \( p
8.3 Wester Blot
8 W& R9 g: |$ V& K9 R: Q3 V, J8.4 Southern Transfer% c: f$ D9 X% E
8.5 Colony Blot3 Y" n& u, c; B! i+ q3 N0 r1 H
8.6 Hybridization
1 c) |' y0 d/ I+ n8.7 Immunological Techniques
0 {$ O: ]+ q/ l9 z8.8 DNA Sequencing
; m3 S0 o4 x. @) e8.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction- T5 [, t2 c9 L- n1 |. j: N% t8 P' |
8.10 Site-Directed Mutagenesis
- w G+ Q) ]- t9 Z* V" t8.11 Non-radioactive Detection Methods
( Z0 ?7 D5 A& f uReview( l! R1 P4 z: o. p6 t! H# ~
Cloning Vectors for Introducing Genes into Host Cells
2 z p$ Q2 E# z. |2 y; @% D* g0 k9.1 Vectors for Bacterial Cells: T( T, n3 J- h
9.1.1 Plasmid Vecors 93+ h2 w2 q" j' h3 V
9.1.2 Bacteriophage Vectors 99
0 b7 {5 F+ ~3 J4 [ F. A+ \9.1.3 Cosmids 104
I* ~. b1 R7 }% S3 o6 Y) g; {. X9.1.4 Phagemids 105
: N1 a8 e9 h* p: k9.2 Yeast Cloning Vectors 106 r' R' v( E0 t. r/ V0 S
9.2.1 The 2|i Circle 106
4 ?' `+ l2 v& r e' @3 F4 ?9.3 Vectors for Plant Cells 108
2 }% n: W9 ^* V+ l9.3.1 Binary Vector System 109
! B* _% G" \( |4 g( i& a9.3.2 Cointegrative Vector System 1105 e6 b& k7 d- l7 ?) n7 f# I e0 D6 x
9.3.3 Genetic Markers 111+ W4 s9 |2 Z7 X. G' B
9.3.4 Plant Specific Promoters 113
, v. H# I" y4 Y) Q( O r8 t/ {9.4 Vectors for Mammahan Cells 114
" g( t3 J- [3 m9.4.1 SV40 Viral Vectors 114
1 A5 p" t- Q/ Z$ m9.4.2 Direct DNA Transfer 1167 c. J" J& D% k3 [( m+ z; ?
9.4.3 Insect Baculovirus 117
; R# N/ h2 E: T9 d( B! v9.4.4 Retrovirus 121- z0 n* S% L, A; J b
Review 123
4 O! W1 i! D$ y# l10. Transformation 125" r8 w. A' G/ ]# s* [
10.1 Calcium Salt Treatment 1258 Y2 `! s$ F. ]$ O( J) _9 v$ d5 i
10.2 Electroporation 1260 l$ D! i# }5 Z$ L! R( X
10.3 Agrobacterium Infection 126
* l9 y4 ]: s' e+ j, L. c; L9 Z10.4 The Biolistic Process 126 n* \; S# y' J' H
10.5 Viral Transfection 1270 y7 y# w/ l2 I
10.6 Microinjection 127; `+ B& B7 W) {: M8 s
10.7 Nuclear Transfer 128( b% C. k% G% Y8 h) o4 m
Review 1291 Z I( C' @0 n
11. Isolating Genes for Cloning 131
9 a0 U) i3 B. `8 ^' q+ Z: g11.1 The Genome Library 131
( p$ K, q% Q# C: i11.2 The cDNA Library 132! z" G% E, i8 V" n+ u- H. R
11.3 Choosing The Right Cell Types for mRNA Isolation 134
4 W; B- N( v0 iReview 134
& N+ j, _: @3 V7 EPart Three. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Agriculture5 w' u O* Z- \
12 Improving Tomato Quality by Antisense RNA 137; U8 g0 t. u4 a. t
12.1 Antisense RNA 137
' J/ X) x6 P" ?# A: b12.2 A Strategy for Engineering Tomatoes with 139
- v' P! c% d3 B# X8 p* c: bReview 141
4 V/ J- v" k+ x7 g: l. H13. Transgenic Crops Engineered with Insecticidal Activity
' j# G3 t4 ]: S2 Q9 C1 o13.1 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins 143* v% l& ~; c$ z1 N( u% o! ^
13.2 Cloning of the cry gene into cotton plants 143
& ]0 U) `# E$ ^13.2.1 Modifying the cry gene 144
) f- L: u" }5 @" v( Q- u( i+ M$ A8 r5 p13.2.2 The Intermediate Vector 144
3 H5 z. Z4 V4 o3 D% j( t( p( }+ X/ f# @13.2.3 Transformation hy Agrobacterium 144( D( b4 E1 `. Y. m$ C
Review 145& Z9 t* V# R/ \) ^7 q3 Q
14. Transgenic Crops Conferred with Herbicide Resistance 147
0 i6 S' r9 t7 c5 C) |2 U15.
: [9 f1 p+ J& H- P14.1 Glyphosate X7 @; x3 X6 w$ H1 [
14.2 Cloning of the aroA gene
% u* {( Z0 k# F9 A: e6 V! LReview3 n& i; n' z, O; q
Growth Enhancement in Transgenic Fish4 J: a# f9 U- Y0 D+ `# c. A! ]
15.1 Gene Transfer in Fish8 o& r8 {& t) j- I h. n+ z7 \' k
15.2 Cloning Salmons with a Chimeric Growth% O9 K& B9 z& t0 o' i
Hormone Gene" {7 l' q8 \& W
Review( @+ l, ?3 J3 z$ h/ Y, \
Part Four. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Medicine
% Z, c' E) l( _1 w2 w16. Microbial Production of Recombinant Human Insulin 1597 ~3 u# V _6 `: Y; E6 Y( L+ }: o
16.1 Structure and Action of Insulin 159, R. G' ?; H; e! i' G9 q' U6 M
16.2 Cloning Human Insulin Gene 160
' `1 j5 n7 D: v: Q. j. dReview 161. P* l e) {2 t, U& |
17. Finding Disease-Causing Genes 163% D) }: B: Y( ~) ^+ }4 e2 m
17.1 Genetic Linkage 163
8 Z1 x) V2 E* d17.1.1 Frequency of Recombination 164/ a+ M0 z. I2 ~' l) @
17.1.2 Genetic Markers 165
1 h% I: j7 p. \+ T+ M3 {" Q17.2 Positional Cloning 165
8 P2 ~/ v4 Z& e' X$ i0 y! d17.2.1 Chromosome Walking 166
+ f; \; H* u9 R17.2.2 Chromosome Jumping 167& d* r8 x- n7 T7 H
17.2.3 Yeast Artificial Chromosome 167
- w% P( y/ e1 X, G% M17.3 Exon Amplification 168
/ e( Q) o7 B# U1 E17.4 Isolafion of the Mouse Ofte^e Gene 169
; I, {1 D. D `4 d/ y% MReview 170
+ D4 z2 M( Z" h" y( F! h. i) l, f8 t18. Human Gene Therapy 171/ E/ `3 x; [6 k f- ?6 A+ F
18.1 Physical Chemical Methods 172; p2 u, K9 d' X1 g0 ]+ p7 j3 n
18.2 Biological Methods 1737 o9 @. X7 P) W: O( {& t3 Y4 F' R
18.2.1 Life Cycle of Retroviruses 173" o: {, A+ ]+ ^: L, a, J
18.2.2 Construction of a Safe Retrovirus Vector 1735 I8 H3 W, r8 c1 x! D2 o- N, {
18.3 Gene Treatment of Severe Combined
" N+ U9 u- Y7 b8 f: v& I$ g1 `Immune Deficiency 174
9 l. @/ J' M$ Q& \' \% q! V18.4 Therapeutic Vaccines 175- M/ D1 [, j( K( y2 e$ n* m
18.4.1 Construction of DNA Vaccines 176
0 a6 f# ~" ?, h* j, w% X# `18.4.2 Methods of Delivery 176
5 m% C. |- k2 \. C4 TReview 176
8 M7 {' X, N8 \8 B& g19. Gene Targeting 179
! C3 y* K4 I. V- {5 m! ?19.1 Recombination 179
8 B( [" \& u/ F1 V$ J. o19.2 Replacement Targeting Vectors 180
+ ]9 I0 W2 d$ v+ F; P9 C19.3 Gene Targeting Without Selectable Markers 182
) A5 N ]" k+ [# u19.3.1 The PCR Method 182
" D& q8 |1 ]& y7 V& `& R19.3.2 The Double-Hit Method 183
5 p" Q! ]* f$ u+ a; }' L3 i19.3.3 The Cre/7oxP Recombination 183" {8 q |: s" n0 [1 m
19.4 Gene Targeting for Xenotransplants 184
% a" H7 C) a# h! i" T3 @Review 186; { U6 N' B1 n) U8 Y
20. DNA Typing 187 a9 x0 A: ^; k; r* h1 o2 W
20.1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats 187+ d/ f9 E9 v2 w( l/ r, B
20.2 Polymorphism Analysis Using VNTR Markers 188
1 H# c7 P! j$ B, l! X9 [; C20.3 Single-locus and Multi-locus Probes 189
: P7 d6 K! \7 b" r+ d% ?) W20.4 Paternity Case Analysis 190
{1 M B/ V: I* M/ S$ T" x4 Z8 T20.5 Short Tandem Repeat Markers 191
. }2 k2 {1 h. D) E: x ]20.5.1 The Combined DNA Index System 192
1 f: Z8 B6 L, l20.6 Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis 193- M8 g4 e) ]7 e6 J, a2 D
Review 196
- v8 t+ M {' Y$ y) C! A21. Transpharmers - Bioreactors for Pharmaceutical
4 P# W, H) L9 r) _Products 197
' c. D: z4 N0 r8 ~21.1 General Procedure for Production of Transgenic. ] e: `# j( O `! U
Animals 1980 q# }8 ^3 z3 B
21.2 Transgenic Sheep for a 1-Antitrypsin 198
2 c, ^% e& Y7 M1 Q3 L+ Y1 GReview 199
0 q6 M: G0 d+ o# Z- C22. Animal Cloning 201) i( M0 l+ `1 u- S) {2 U6 g+ Z+ H: d' H' J
22.1 Cell Differentiation 201
G4 K# H6 b& R1 S2 G' ?/ f4 _4 l22.2 Nuclear Transfer 202
9 {4 T% u# j. u, L22.3 The Cloning of Dolly 203
$ D( j/ M% Z8 ?6 ?" k7 WReview 204% `) ^6 B, r/ f8 T
23. Human Genome Sequencing 205
. X7 S& U/ e! }) B/ b23.1 Genetic Maps 205$ v5 [. i- X6 |8 R% r
23.1.1 DNA Markers 206, K2 v+ h! k m' W1 i$ o1 O
23.1.2 Pedigree Analysis 206 y4 R7 L! y) M0 I
23.2 Physical Maps 207
; N6 `1 t1 T W( Y. c" ]23.2.1 Sequence Tagged Sites 2070 |( W R) q) e
23.2.2 Radiation Hybridization 208
% k+ l. H4 l# E& h4 @23.2.3 Clone Libraries 2084 F# P9 f9 n9 X& r* P
23.2.4 Bacteria Artificial Chromosome Vector 209
+ s$ N4 b5 ?. j4 V9 b23.3 Comprehensive Integrated maps 210
& G# t+ l5 C/ V8 _9 [0 q23.4 Strategies for Genome Sequencing 211+ J# X3 p# @0 ?+ L1 e
23.4.1 Hierarchical Shotgun Sequencing 211# J; k* f) s! b* H, c5 h
23.4.2 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing 212$ O0 [ x: |3 y, l T9 B0 a
Review 213* @: S8 u. v6 J! t) f+ z
References 2155 J# y8 I1 ^9 f2 p
Index 229 |
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发表于 2011-4-2 13:01
