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本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2011-4-2 20:40 编辑
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8 F' o2 Q- e% j1 x+ c[hide][/hide]# w5 y( c% t$ B3 n% N s- g6 ]* Q' A
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~' Q- A2 V& Y: w' t! i* PCONTENTS
) a! Q; i& x6 E, _% MPreface
0 t& F9 z9 A; O4 \, _) V3 M8 tPart One. Fundamentals of Genetic Processes
# y/ F4 D+ T" s: b7 V1. Introductory Concepts 3
. e& ~# r( _+ S; X; z( B: P( h& E1.1 What is DNA and What is a Gene? 3
9 a y* s! Q! G( k; v8 e7 G( y1.2 What is Gene Cloning? 4
) y" M- w1 `) |4 ~1.3 Cell Organization 5' T' S) O& `) o$ I7 c( D, N) n
1.4 Heredity Factors and Traits 6
: A2 I$ r6 s6 P! _* w1.5 Mitosis and Meiosis 96 ~6 k6 E; h+ s( `, x
1.6 Relating Genes to Inherited Trait 10
A$ G1 r0 W0 M g0 E1.7 Why Gene Cloning? 11
. }2 j" b& C( PReview 13
9 [2 _4 \ G+ w2. Structures of Nucleic Acids 15
6 L6 W9 Y- S: g7 s8 `" M, _2 z2.1 3'-0H and 5'-P Ends 15- l! `7 p0 h5 h' u; m2 m* e1 d
2.2 Purine and Pyrimidine Bases 16
" G g# _6 t* V% W! V8 b2.3 Complementary Base Pairing 17
: [( F" b+ J* r4 B# e2.4 Writing a DNA Molecule 18 d3 {! K* _7 q$ i2 g$ f* t
2.5 Describing DNA sizes 191 W- G9 Z+ e" n
2.6 Denaturation and Renaturation 19
; k- L& j) y8 S: ~- R2.7 Ribonucleic Acid 20 A8 U: e( V* Q w x
Review 21 _' y' _/ x% h9 U: E' ^
Structures of Proteins 23
9 J7 m4 R( @' h) w" h# m3.1 Amino Acids 23
% G7 z7 @# c% K. t. S- X3.2 The Peptide Bond 25
! @) z) |4 X8 k) L0 h& w$ P3.3 Structural Organization 265 Q; Z3 o5 M% q/ {7 L
3.4 Postranslational Modification 27
; T9 Y( w; k# ]+ w3.5 Enzymes 28
/ y$ @3 ^9 f% p. `7 {4 _. r5 }Review 30 W# m$ Y( R( n5 `# T' G
The Genetic Process 31, x, y! U! F1 J- F5 W
4.1 From Genes to Proteins 31# b- b e' F+ G1 e
4.2 Transcription 31$ o9 b: g& V& U& s, C& j5 m1 }
4.3 Translation 32
* r9 ]! O3 s. o# X4.4 The Genetic Code 33
7 ^$ P9 ]$ ^8 v9 L( [$ l2 b4.5 Why Present a Sequence Using the Coding Strand? 34
" G6 m1 ?+ C: P+ g4.6. The Reading Frame 35
) T5 v0 I* W$ l' h9 @0 W# u4.7 DNA Replication 37% U9 O. L+ i- p/ a. e4 U
4.8 The Replicon and Replication Origin 38
1 v5 o3 ], C$ _4.9 Relating Replication to Gene Cloning 392 p- k0 w$ G& _& }
Review 39
N# H' A0 V3 X7 A' a) {3 GOrganization of Genes 41- f) f6 V2 r1 ^
5.1 The Lactose Operon 41
' U7 K0 _( V+ @3 l& F. r5.2 Control of Transcription 42
^% T# U% X/ N' v. `- j5.2.1 The Transcription Start Site and Termination Site 42
1 ]3 |* o8 i3 q* I% F8 D5 u5.2.2 When Does Transcription Start or Stop? 44
7 |( S7 R+ H) c. i! W" X# X5.3. Control of Translation 46
: u) Z+ [, M. H& r7 D; H& q% R5.3.1 Ribosome Binding Site and Start Codon 46& y: B: X: D" ~
5.3.2 Translation Termination Site 475 K5 `4 B, Q( I6 Y7 n" M. A6 r
5.4 The Tryptophan Operson 47/ ? l& q8 F2 x, E* O$ \7 J
5.4.1 Co-repressor 485 f+ M$ b! ?8 G% ]/ g5 K* D
5.4.2 Attenuation 48, t( s# X- Z* a: G' O; c, D4 @
5.4.3 Hybrid Promoters 49
$ U) @. O8 m" n' w% N5.5 The Control System in Eukaryotic Cells 49
( Q* m5 d7 n2 t5.5.1 Transcriptional Control 49
0 C2 j- |, Y' V/ z: c' O% i& C5.5.2 Introns and Exons 51+ J- }# j; s- Y% D
5.5.3 Capping and Tailing 52
6 x4 n, V, N) d& n5.5.4 Ribosome Binding Sequence 52 s$ J7 ?3 y& O/ D+ d! L. w
5.5.5 Monocistronic and Polycistronic 52* D9 ^ y+ {$ z5 E% F G+ ?
Review 60! d' Q. O$ J$ P8 A' ]1 h. u( J+ J
6. Reading the Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene 553 j* d" ~4 m6 Y9 Z! }
6.1 The E. coli dut gene 55
$ t' P$ f2 W* Z: j6.2 The human bgn gene 58
8 M. @8 e+ R/ n3 a9 X/ \6.2.1 Reading the genomic sequence 58& A) l) k9 ]$ C
6.2.2 Reading the cDNA sequence 62& s4 x* n7 H& _" V( h
Part Two. Techniques and Strategies of Gene Cloning. l% w7 O5 h; C y
7. Enzymes Used in Cloning 690 d" W- w# e+ X
7.1 Restriction Enzymes 69
' |+ ^' Z9 o2 m6 j: L9 H! y7.2 Ligase 70& x+ O# T/ v! s# ?% @
7.3 DNA Polymerases 71
0 t8 v r& h. W; p! T& J G. u8 j7.3.1 E. coli DNA Polymerase 1 71
9 U% j& c9 a% K) }3 v. j7.3.2 Bacteriophage T4 and T7 polymerase 73! n1 J( L0 B) l0 X! b+ X7 |, Q( G) [
7.3.3 Reverse Transcriptase 74
- g0 I( N# r" o9 D7.3.4 RNA Polymerase 74, x; a% L! z/ W" y, _$ K
7.4 Phosphatase and kinase 74
: m% v0 R6 r( K# K) ~2 jReview 75% U- b ?/ N8 I0 [) C
8. Techniques Used in Cloning 77
3 C' g( z' d9 ~; \+ J8.1 DNA Isolation! z( t3 g0 V& R/ U% V( A
8.2 Gel Electrophoresis7 n1 b+ q9 d# c; ?1 B$ d) D3 h
8.2.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis; W, k' s$ G" M9 Y" Y2 c
8.2.2 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
, q4 u) g8 T6 z8.3 Wester Blot% r& n& M( `' t7 V d# H3 K4 J
8.4 Southern Transfer
: M2 `. e8 C- s- j8.5 Colony Blot- W2 W+ S: b0 B$ L
8.6 Hybridization
3 i# F( [* }7 Y' s9 v! n6 S8.7 Immunological Techniques" i6 K; b! U# D6 A, V# ?" B
8.8 DNA Sequencing* B$ A7 s$ u: m: l. B4 }+ \
8.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction7 i* {* x. R+ k9 K* E% ~( M
8.10 Site-Directed Mutagenesis
$ C5 w+ I+ v) A( b6 H; M- F# f8.11 Non-radioactive Detection Methods
% x) m+ n4 F4 eReview
7 V6 U& P5 h* [6 xCloning Vectors for Introducing Genes into Host Cells6 m) o! n( E- t9 U) h* u
9.1 Vectors for Bacterial Cells
j( {+ _& l2 K A+ f; c( V9.1.1 Plasmid Vecors 932 K4 k: U- e9 H8 L
9.1.2 Bacteriophage Vectors 993 f+ [$ n! D' `4 n# l3 Z, F3 C
9.1.3 Cosmids 104: b) ^1 ?" \- p* x" k
9.1.4 Phagemids 105# Q Q$ ?4 K5 X; n6 s t1 _
9.2 Yeast Cloning Vectors 106+ a8 h% s+ h: k' T3 H+ E3 P/ d2 E0 O) `
9.2.1 The 2|i Circle 1062 b6 E7 }0 Z i# E( k2 W
9.3 Vectors for Plant Cells 1084 P0 e1 M& `) @
9.3.1 Binary Vector System 109
# W% A$ D, A: `# C* D# U9.3.2 Cointegrative Vector System 110
" ^+ D/ p+ e3 i. m9.3.3 Genetic Markers 111- I! P& t, b( G- f9 ?/ k
9.3.4 Plant Specific Promoters 1134 e( R3 q O" S- }2 ]+ D
9.4 Vectors for Mammahan Cells 1148 Y1 R5 e5 `- h3 z
9.4.1 SV40 Viral Vectors 114& F5 C9 l+ @9 d$ _9 W2 r" H/ E. _, `
9.4.2 Direct DNA Transfer 1165 C! M5 i( t. J4 ^+ C7 |
9.4.3 Insect Baculovirus 1171 ]% i& S+ m) s: |! Y
9.4.4 Retrovirus 121
5 i1 c5 X4 w( ]! ]) e5 R3 l0 wReview 1239 l$ ~: }+ V; P2 f( s/ c+ H
10. Transformation 1253 c6 m# w! |" Q7 k! _6 O1 P, p
10.1 Calcium Salt Treatment 125 Y7 @4 @* K# u- N/ A* ^: c
10.2 Electroporation 126
, u2 [( I& @& H$ w10.3 Agrobacterium Infection 1260 W5 v9 S7 p5 b3 P! w
10.4 The Biolistic Process 126
: ^, _1 m% u A, c9 C- Y; @" F10.5 Viral Transfection 1276 Z4 s8 q4 H3 m" S3 f p: X: T o
10.6 Microinjection 1278 w4 g' ~ ]: g$ f* ~; V
10.7 Nuclear Transfer 128
) h' K* F2 A3 Z# S( oReview 129% ~! ~5 t9 n7 ?3 u9 ?
11. Isolating Genes for Cloning 131# h H7 y" W* P3 T" Z/ C
11.1 The Genome Library 131
# a q* W" h7 l: W4 \11.2 The cDNA Library 132
8 P7 O8 k) U: j( X+ f7 `7 l11.3 Choosing The Right Cell Types for mRNA Isolation 134
1 i7 Z0 T' s( M+ v5 o; `Review 134+ u: r! I8 {3 f; w
Part Three. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Agriculture. M% J7 q$ |4 A: W4 v+ L4 A
12 Improving Tomato Quality by Antisense RNA 137' L; Z3 j+ J, l4 D5 E
12.1 Antisense RNA 137! ? C; L+ i/ E# z& {" p1 m
12.2 A Strategy for Engineering Tomatoes with 139
: r+ l: k7 G. d( b1 r$ CReview 141
2 q; [0 [; K8 w0 k4 r13. Transgenic Crops Engineered with Insecticidal Activity' _+ z% F6 v2 t9 D* n( s
13.1 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins 143# O; R' B7 m1 K
13.2 Cloning of the cry gene into cotton plants 143
& o0 v* c: ^, g# n4 L9 X7 ]13.2.1 Modifying the cry gene 144
5 d+ f* k- Q7 {8 m. Y/ P13.2.2 The Intermediate Vector 144: F! E4 f/ |- }! b, ^- W
13.2.3 Transformation hy Agrobacterium 1441 u6 [, I5 |7 L- X! u; a% Y/ t6 \) k
Review 145
! F4 s, d$ U! u' C( b% L% y: O14. Transgenic Crops Conferred with Herbicide Resistance 147
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; g. Z g6 A3 _+ i7 e14.1 Glyphosate
- ]5 M2 w6 W6 x4 x14.2 Cloning of the aroA gene
! N$ ]$ M: k! V: `Review
4 A, s4 f- H% hGrowth Enhancement in Transgenic Fish& B+ j; T) G1 }3 O- @& q* u3 y
15.1 Gene Transfer in Fish3 y# ~4 o7 @7 h+ c! `
15.2 Cloning Salmons with a Chimeric Growth: q6 k0 o. V! H; b2 g* d: M1 x
Hormone Gene
" I3 x) S" Q$ X) u) f$ \Review. y9 z- Y: F4 n8 x( o: _1 p- @
Part Four. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Medicine
5 I; b: D' {; @# X6 w16. Microbial Production of Recombinant Human Insulin 1598 L. F# ]1 z6 n( I* N8 U- A
16.1 Structure and Action of Insulin 159
$ ~$ w8 q0 f! q9 Z7 `* s5 y16.2 Cloning Human Insulin Gene 160: X3 [; l" {) [6 S: P; d0 U d5 j
Review 161- ]+ G2 K5 O* {& \+ D+ f$ V6 c+ a
17. Finding Disease-Causing Genes 1632 s$ [% Z4 C1 z# K8 H0 j4 b; ?, Y4 Y
17.1 Genetic Linkage 1634 X; O7 V ~) E% o5 L+ X
17.1.1 Frequency of Recombination 1649 \8 h# _+ l {. a( Y
17.1.2 Genetic Markers 165
h3 H- r- N" O7 _% @17.2 Positional Cloning 165! B: _: m+ _9 R9 a
17.2.1 Chromosome Walking 166
. y7 M! h: ~# u2 j; S7 ~- b# `17.2.2 Chromosome Jumping 167
7 P- h% ]6 d0 l( _8 R: G17.2.3 Yeast Artificial Chromosome 167( M' o; Q- A' { L; b
17.3 Exon Amplification 168
% b: b- q. _1 z d; ^2 m17.4 Isolafion of the Mouse Ofte^e Gene 169 E0 i' `& [4 D- Y$ m
Review 170) F# }; ?/ n( B; c' I) Q
18. Human Gene Therapy 1717 Q; ^; F# R, _. x1 x* ~" b7 W
18.1 Physical Chemical Methods 1721 f$ n+ _4 Y9 @- g4 E5 m
18.2 Biological Methods 173% M/ ]2 v( [/ O, l
18.2.1 Life Cycle of Retroviruses 173
% E. A; L( S5 ?18.2.2 Construction of a Safe Retrovirus Vector 173
9 z# {" @( z+ |- k" B18.3 Gene Treatment of Severe Combined
5 k% h+ u# v2 A. X% P; X, A( b, VImmune Deficiency 174
. [/ } P' r" q) m A7 Y1 T+ {18.4 Therapeutic Vaccines 1757 y1 }6 L- V4 v' \$ N
18.4.1 Construction of DNA Vaccines 176+ |6 g; E3 S0 W y# q6 b3 n. g
18.4.2 Methods of Delivery 176
7 D6 }; H8 j6 K3 |Review 176
?6 }0 h8 x3 D7 F1 s: c& D19. Gene Targeting 179, O" p1 U" U. W1 w0 `) ]2 A
19.1 Recombination 179
/ q, I# Y& F; x% M a8 N! W* n: | f19.2 Replacement Targeting Vectors 180
4 n y) E0 |; q- r1 v19.3 Gene Targeting Without Selectable Markers 1827 _: a. r0 Z1 f6 h, c; }8 ~
19.3.1 The PCR Method 182$ x; N/ M4 o" V: S' f4 f1 E* L
19.3.2 The Double-Hit Method 183
, ~' g6 \+ _+ f19.3.3 The Cre/7oxP Recombination 183
" @" `3 H, y% t. n; X& Z19.4 Gene Targeting for Xenotransplants 1844 b6 W( i5 @% w
Review 186. j3 Q8 {5 q0 R6 E$ V
20. DNA Typing 187
3 C4 ? s" \/ @1 N1 H, b1 R20.1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats 187
+ r6 C9 Y! C# _3 {20.2 Polymorphism Analysis Using VNTR Markers 188
# ^' {& B+ l) W) A. J) s0 o4 `20.3 Single-locus and Multi-locus Probes 189, ?$ @, n; _- t7 K G0 L
20.4 Paternity Case Analysis 190& s0 n5 @) E: d6 H2 o
20.5 Short Tandem Repeat Markers 191
: p3 R3 c. d" ~5 I" o20.5.1 The Combined DNA Index System 192
. b+ t' Q [4 S0 j20.6 Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis 193
+ b Q7 X. Y. X& S( D) PReview 1969 N5 O6 q- ?& E0 a0 z4 m2 K3 h
21. Transpharmers - Bioreactors for Pharmaceutical2 t( G6 s% l( w, M7 R; Q& Z/ d' t
Products 1972 X' d7 V+ H" x( C% \. U
21.1 General Procedure for Production of Transgenic: E( \ f1 K2 J. v" N3 `* N q% W6 Q
Animals 198
0 l+ Y+ K. ]0 J* q21.2 Transgenic Sheep for a 1-Antitrypsin 198
[( j: {2 o4 y8 a) q" ~; FReview 199
6 m- w+ F8 b# n/ S; U( W" S22. Animal Cloning 2013 T; {9 [, }; r0 l3 Y( j
22.1 Cell Differentiation 201
& q! A; a+ F( g22.2 Nuclear Transfer 2028 Z: q" k; M: u. O4 _) ?# ~0 w
22.3 The Cloning of Dolly 203
' [5 `; ?3 f/ p; L, O) A, SReview 204
, H! X( F; p2 @( p7 f6 x23. Human Genome Sequencing 205
6 f6 C- @$ S& Z: \23.1 Genetic Maps 205
" D# ^7 \5 v9 ]2 O0 _23.1.1 DNA Markers 2067 A6 W% p0 n' [ {1 {" x
23.1.2 Pedigree Analysis 206$ L+ Z+ i) w) ]( {! k, ~! |
23.2 Physical Maps 207
: W# f* B6 y: ?2 N6 f23.2.1 Sequence Tagged Sites 207
) _6 q% y$ o ]1 c3 o) [/ D23.2.2 Radiation Hybridization 208
4 T* n/ h9 w% b4 n% o& c23.2.3 Clone Libraries 208 b0 s8 N. }; I2 Q$ R
23.2.4 Bacteria Artificial Chromosome Vector 209
' q4 H, s9 i, r( T23.3 Comprehensive Integrated maps 210
6 B2 A% B2 q5 e- J; G4 f23.4 Strategies for Genome Sequencing 211
, Z2 p6 [( h4 |( O+ y) j3 z23.4.1 Hierarchical Shotgun Sequencing 211
( c- h+ D" X$ L) e23.4.2 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing 212) r( }* o" |4 Q$ S1 y: O
Review 213
+ K# w) z: X5 o7 m: x/ wReferences 215( d! N% R! b$ A9 f n
Index 229 |
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发表于 2011-4-2 13:01
