Oct4 and More: The Reprogramming Expressway

BioMan

Through cellular differentiation, a single cell eventually gives rise to all the various lineages of an organism. This process has traditionally been viewed as irreversible. However, nuclear transfer experiments have demonstrated that differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to form even an entire organism. Shinya Yamanaka electrified the world with the discovery that expression of only four transcription factors was sufficient to induce pluripotency in differentiated somatic cells of mammals. Expansion of this work has shown that expression of the master pluripotency gene Oct4 is sufficient to induce pluripotency in neural stem cells. In contrast to somatic cells, germline cells express Oct4 and can acquire pluripotency without the addition of exogenous transcription factors. More recently, it has been possible to also induce an alternative cell fate directly by the transdifferentiation of cells mediated by the introduction of specific transcription factors, including Oct4. Therefore, we suggest that Oct4 is the gatekeeper into a reprogramming expressway that can be directed by altering the experimental conditions.
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jun8013

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naturalkillerce

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通过细胞分化，单个细胞最终产生一个有机体身上所有的各种各样的细胞系。这一过程一直被认为是不可逆的。然而，体外核转移实验已证实已分化的细胞能够经过重编程后形成整个有机体。 Shinya Yamanaka因发现只表达4个转录因子就足以诱导哺乳动物中已分化的体细胞具备多能性(pluripotency)而令世人震惊。对这一研究进行扩大研究后显示表达主要多能性基因(master pluripotency gene)OCt4就足以在神经干细胞中诱导出多能性。不同于体细胞的是，生殖细胞表达Oct4，能够不需加入外源性转录因子就获得多能性。最近，研究表明有可能通过引入包括Oct在内的特异性转录因子调控的细胞转分化来直接诱导出不同的细胞命运。因此，我们提议Oct4是重编程高速公路( reprogramming expressway)的看门人，其中人们能够通过改变实验条件来操控重编程高速公路。

naturalkillerce

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" K* G8 F5 y; E9 r+ c5 i因此，不妨将标题换作：: U/ j# L/ R% ~' s. O/ l
转录因子Oct4：细胞重编程高速公路的看门人

hstudent

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