细胞“返老还童”技术获重大突破

hnsdlgl

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lianzhimin 发表于 2011-11-4 21:56 # _3 h8 Q% Y7 |
回复 hnsdlgl 的帖子
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哈哈，好玩耶！！！小生孤陋寡闻，只在科普知识小人书里见过。这个实验可以这么说：七 ...

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$ l: g3 _; l0 V" m) Q+ A( M还有更有意思的呢，前两天看到一篇论文如是说：男人喜欢身材较好女人是符合科学的，因为身材较好的女人由于其脂肪酸的成分与肥胖者和太瘦者不同，这种不同导致生下来的小孩的智力更高。" T# X8 B+ |# i2 \; Y) G% R* x

( c' x' j! q. w) v* f9 x( ?# w国外很多做科研的人都很疯狂，他们是因为喜欢科研本身而做科研，这种因为兴趣做出了的可以当然也让我们看起来感觉很有兴趣。- Z2 t1 A: p7 z4 W  f
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可是我们国内似乎有很多科研人员是因为要养家户口、要在规定的时间内完成某项任务，这样的结果有时候看起来就是……，唉……。, B/ u4 [+ {3 d! @3 d% ~( I* F
我想类似喜欢身材好的女人这样的论文，中国的科研工作者们短时间内恐怕还是想也不会去想的

lianzhimin

回复 hnsdlgl 的帖子
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嗯，这方面倒是比较了解。在一个名为：性欲与爱欲是什么？的科普视频中就对配偶选择做了很多科学的实验和论证。相当的有意思。以后还请多多交流！

hnsdlgl

lianzhimin 发表于 2011-11-4 22:05
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这就是贵作者的狭隘了，自然选择是决定了谁延续，谁淘汰，但这是个过程，不是现象。早 ...

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呵呵，你客气了。讨论科学问题并不存在当与不当，百家争鸣，才是科学精髓。2 w/ M& X2 {; ]. L5 m* K) Y
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自然选择并不决定谁延续，如果它决定了，就不叫自然选择了，自然选择的两个基本前提（或者说假设）是：随机突变，种群扩大。! w) f  Y$ ?. T( u9 r
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     只是因为相对于单个正常个体，单个晚老症个体在自然条件下，生育的子代也就更多。这样如果经过漫长的进化，最终的结果就如中国经济超日本一样，由于中国的发展速度更快，由总量只有不到日本的1/10，到超越，如果一直这样维持，那最终将是日本的经济将成为一种可忽略不计的经济体。
( o) f" Q: T: b7 D, p      所以说，自然选择的结果最终就是晚老症的个体占据绝对主流，没有晚老症的个体可忽略不计，也就是所说的淘汰。

sunsong7

5 b' p& f4 C3 _0 ~+ F6 d3 h. _& T0 UErasing the Signs of Aging in Human Cells Is Now a Reality4 U8 @" l2 i* u4 @$ v! `4 P
ScienceDaily (Nov. 3, 2011) — Scientists have recently succeeded in rejuvenating cells from elderly donors (aged over 100). These old cells were reprogrammed in vitro to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and to rejuvenated and human embryonic stem cells (hESC): cells of all types can again be differentiated after this genuine "rejuvenation" therapy. The results represent significant progress for research into iPSC cells and a further step forwards for regenerative medicine.
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Reprogramming elderly senescent cells. (Credit: Image courtesy of INSERM)
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Inserm's AVENIR "Genomic plasticity and aging" team, directed by Jean-Marc Lemaitre, Inserm researcher at the Functional Genomics Institute (Inserm/CNRS/Université de Montpellier 1 and 2) performed the research. The results were published in Genes & Development on November 1, 2011.6 R- l5 j/ ]) K9 S4 k2 j* s) c
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Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are undifferentiated multiple-function cells. They can divide and form all types of differentiated adult cells in the body (neurons, cardiac cells, skin cells, liver cells, etc.). Since 2007, a handful of research teams across the world have been capable of reprogramming human adult cells into induced pluripotent cells (iPSC), which have similar characteristics and potential to human embryonic stem cells (hESC). This kind of reprogramming makes it possible to reform all human cell types without the ethical restrictions related to using embryonic stem cells.
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Until now, research results demonstrated that senescence (the final stage of cellular aging) was an obstacle blocking the use of this technique for therapeutic applications in elderly patients. Today, Inserm researcher Jean-Marc Lemaitre and his team have overcome this obstacle. The researchers have successfully rejuvenated cells from elderly donors, some over 100 years old, thus demonstrating the reversibility of the cellular aging process.0 t. D* O. O" U7 I( G$ d. u' @: H+ x
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To achieve this, they used an adapted strategy that consisted of reprogramming cells using a specific "cocktail" of six genetic factors, while erasing signs of aging. The researchers proved that the iPSC cells thus obtained then had the capacity to reform all types of human cells. They have the physiological characteristics of "young" cells, both from the perspective of their proliferative capacity and their cellular metabolisms.
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A cocktail of six genetic factors...$ {2 h$ k( L. q1 n# S# r# M

: D+ E/ `4 k$ {7 gResearchers first multiplied skin cells (fibroblasts) from a 74 year-old donor to obtain the senescence characterized by the end of cellular proliferation. They then completed the in vitro reprogramming of the cells. In this study, Jean-Marc Lemaitre and his team firstly confirmed that this was not possible using the batch of four genetic factors (OCT4, SOX2, C MYC and KLF4) traditionally used. They then added two additional factors (NANOG and LIN28) that made it possible to overcome this barrier.
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& I6 Q+ F: T, u- N9 SUsing this new "cocktail" of six factors, the senescent cells, programmed into functional iPSC cells, re-acquired the characteristics of embryonic pluripotent stem cells.
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In particular, they recovered their capacity for self-renewal and their former differentiation potential, and do not preserve any traces of previous aging. To check the "rejuvenated" characteristics of these cells, the researchers tested the reverse process. The rejuvenated iPSC cells were again differentiated to adult cells and compared to the original old cells, as well as to those obtained using human embryonic pluripotetent stem cells (hESC).9 ^' d( Y* U( L( n5 _5 Q: V
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"Signs of aging were erased and the iPSCs obtained can produce functional cells, of any type, with an increased proliferation capacity and longevity," explains Jean-Marc Lemaitre who directs the Inserm AVENIR team." J% H1 ?+ F/ \8 z) O

/ A8 z( l2 G* q2 X…tested on cells taken from donors over the age of 100
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3 p* C! o* A& H0 B6 R+ a  |The results obtained led the research team to test the cocktail on even older cells taken from donors of 92, 94 and 96, and even up to 101 years old. "Our strategy worked on cells taken from donors in their 100s. The age of cells is definitely not a reprogramming barrier." He concluded. "This research paves the way for the therapeutic use of iPS, insofar as an ideal source of adult cells is provided, which are tolerated by the immune system and can repair organs or tissues in elderly patients." adds the researcher.
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lianzhimin

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4 \9 H3 y$ O, V% `8 o! B2 r% D我还是觉得不对，按你的说法人类的寿命应该是越进化越长了，但事实并未如此。你单纯只是说出了寿命长的优势，试想人类寿命长短也是自然选择的结果，既然最终没有不断选择更长的寿命说明长寿命的晚衰症人的劣势定大于优势，所以被自然选择淘汰了，所以一定还存在因为随即突变而造成的晚衰症人。我睡了，看到一定要回复。

naturalkillerce

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回复 sunsong7 的帖子9 t$ {/ N0 Y3 O
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该新闻“Erasing the Signs of Aging in Human Cells Is Now a Reality! ”和你之前提供的新闻“Personal Stem Cell Banks Could Be Staple of Future Health Care”，我准备在我的帖子
! \4 O: W3 k% y7 H& R1 u8 D4 _6 T"细胞返老还童三部曲:http://www.stemcell8.cn/thread-48475-1-1.html"上进行重点编辑。其中，“Personal Stem Cell Banks Could Be Staple of Future Health Care”已经编辑。8 u* k  [4 X0 u5 u5 ~

* L6 j8 M3 L7 L8 q9 g+ ~呵呵，“Erasing the Signs of Aging in Human Cells Is Now a Reality!”才是与我转发的新闻相对应，不过，“Personal Stem Cell Banks Could Be Staple of Future Health Care”也不错，我都仔细看了一下。我觉得我转发的新闻报道得不是很详细。

naturalkillerce

回复 fwyou 的帖子4 X1 b' n: {0 |; V
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呵，与前面sunsong7发布的新闻一模一样。

细胞海洋

中新网11月3日电 据香港《文汇报》3日报道，法国科学家近日向百岁老人的细胞注入多种基因进行重组，使其变得年轻并重新分裂，还具有胚胎干细胞的特质。这项突破有助科学家了解老化过程，可望用于研制各种健康人体组织，并移植至长者身上，开启抗衰老治疗的新里程。/ W$ Z5 Z, c+ z: c" B
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　　法国南部蒙彼利埃大学研究团队从一名74岁的长者身上，取出已不再分裂增生的皮肤细胞，然后于试管中重组。除了使用传统4种转录基因(OCT4、SOX2、C MYC和KLF4)，另再加入两种基因(NANOG和LIN28)。6种基因的混合作用令衰老细胞重组，重现具有胚胎干细胞的特质。! W( U6 `( Z7 p$ s4 w/ s- r  v

- R' ~' d0 [% x$ W　　接着，研究员又采用从92岁至101岁长者的细胞做实验，得出同样效果，显示年龄不会阻碍细胞重组。研究指出，重组后细胞的年龄轨迹消失了，培植出来的多功能干细胞可用来增生各样功能性细胞，分裂增生力和生命都有所提高。
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hnsdlgl

lianzhimin 发表于 2011-11-4 23:57
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我还是觉得不对，按你的说法人类的寿命应该是越进化越长了，但事实并未如此。你单纯只 ...

6 r9 A4 L. k9 K! Y: K     其实我只是顺着你的思路，用进化论的推理解释晚老症这种现象很难存在。我也不支持存在晚老症，或者说长寿基因的说法。我在这里将你所说的晚老症等同于了长寿基因说，不知道我的理解是否正确？
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    尽管人类的寿命从1861年至今已经延长了10岁多，但是这主要贡献是医疗卫生条件的改善（其中抗生素就做了很大的贡献），从而导致70岁以上的人口基数扩大，而不是所谓的进化结果或出现了长寿基因。) a7 H7 i4 ^2 a' a

# K0 y# h+ K+ C$ e    衰老这个课题太大，几乎涵盖所有生命科学学科，目前的公认的观点是：衰老是遗传因素和环境因素相互作用的结果。如果我们仅盯住进化论、或者遗传的角度，衰老很难解释得通。

hnsdlgl

细胞海洋 发表于 2011-11-5 11:08
/ N; H) Q2 I6 K; q中新网11月3日电 据香港《文汇报》3日报道，法国科学家近日向百岁老人的细胞注入多种基因进行重组，使其变得 ...

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在细胞上发现点现象，就觉得已经攻克衰老难题，这未免有点以偏概全。
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0 c! S- [3 Z5 ?0 W# [" {" {避开现在的iPSCs细胞的潜在致癌风险不论，在细胞分裂和分化水平的返老还童本身，实现起来可以说非常简单，给予细胞核一个新的生活环境（如：卵母细胞的细胞质、细胞质中添加转录因子复合物、细胞质中添加某些蛋白、等等），就能实现细胞的返老还童。但同时，另一个问题出来了：既然让细胞维持“干性”是这么美好的事情，那么我们的无比精妙和聪明的机体，怎么会在长期的进化过程中选择将部分组织特化成终末分化的细胞，永久退出分裂周期？
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9 S$ h& Q3 b% _* R; X/ u% T            如果承认我们的机体是数10亿年的进化过程中积累的经验，适应自然而如此选择，那么，我们这么做是不是已经违背了自然规律？那么，您感觉这种操作室延长寿命，还是直接要命？1 O+ a2 V7 q/ z6 G  q* o6 R
     所以，我个人认为，这种直线的推理太乐观了。