Cell Reports ：科学家开发新的工具研究神经细胞

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Cell Reports ：科学家开发新的工具研究神经细胞9 l: m( d# e. v# O
来源：生物谷作者：Beyond2013-10-27 21:19:34
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2013年10月28日讯 /生物谷BIOON/--近日，一组国际科学家团队开发了一种新工具探讨神经细胞如何受损，进一步了解神经退行性疾病。
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Marc Hammarlund博士领导的研究团队利用一种荧光蛋白KillerRed研究蛔虫受损的神经元。团队使用光刺激神经细胞产生KillerRed，细胞进而产生活性氧（ROS），损伤神经元。
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( K8 f: d6 V/ t' W该工具允许团队研究蠕虫神经细胞如何应对KillerRed促发的过多自由基。Hilliard博士说：这个新开发的工具将允许我们不仅能研究神经元功能，同时能了解神经元如何应对活性氧引起的损坏。
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这项研究表明KillerRed的激活在几个不同神经元类型中运作是高效和灵活的，并具有高度特异性，不损害周围不表达这种分子的组织和细胞。
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这些结果可能会对大脑相关研究产生广泛的影响，对神经元功能、神经元如何被损坏以及死亡带来了新的见解。相关研究论文发表在Cell Reports杂志上。（生物谷Bioon.com）0 _0 Y; j* U. h2 o* {& w$ Y4 t
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( C' k' j  u* f* ]5 Ydoi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.023
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# u3 _7 l/ o/ c: w5 s6 G3 |' IRapid and Permanent Neuronal Inactivation In Vivo via Subcellular Generation of Reactive Oxygen with the Use of KillerRed- y, Y7 ]( M. ^/ Y6 `+ q( j# o; ]+ i
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Daniel C. Williams, Rachid El Bejjani, Paula Mugno Ramirez, Sean Coakley, Shin Ae Kim, Hyewon Lee, Quan Wen, Aravi Samuel, Hang Lu, Massimo A. Hilliard, Marc Hammarlund2 g. E- ?) p( a: _4 I+ O2 j, s8 C

/ G" y' u( ^* iInactivation of selected neurons in vivo can define their contribution to specific developmental outcomes, circuit functions, and behaviors. Here, we show that the optogenetic tool KillerRed selectively, rapidly, and permanently inactivates different classes of neurons in C. elegans in response to a single light stimulus, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ablation scales from individual neurons in single animals to multiple neurons in populations and can be applied to freely behaving animals. Using spatially restricted illumination, we demonstrate that localized KillerRed activation in either the cell body or the axon triggers neuronal degeneration and death of the targeted cell. Finally, targeting KillerRed to mitochondria results in organelle fragmentation without killing the cell, in contrast to the cell death observed when KillerRed is targeted to the plasma membrane. We expect this genetic tool to have wide-ranging applications in studies of circuit function and subcellular responses to ROS.1 f4 n6 n0 K! P9 D* b