肿瘤染色体非整倍体假说起源（ZZ from DXY）

饶冠华

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1914年，德国动物学家Boveri从遗传学方面意外的对癌症进行了奇妙的研究，他将海胆两个精子同时受精于一个海胆卵子，造成非整倍体的海胆，后来这种海胆发育畸形，细胞分裂f类似Hansemann'描述的恶性肿瘤的病理性核分裂相，因此提出癌变的突变学说（非整倍体假说，当然存在争论，有人认为是Hansemann'首先提出）。0 E3 t, X6 _( o7 B( T
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参考文献：% r; d- u( d" H. @) l( O4 u
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5 L  q; n1 v/ O, |& @Hansemann, Boveri, chromosomes and the gametogenesis-related theories of tumours.
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2 T1 K) `9 w% z  QChromosomes and cancer, Boveri revisited.' D, K" q4 _/ k0 h( c+ [* g
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Reappraisal of the Hansemann-Boveri hypothesis on the origin of tumors.
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* O' `* M2 d- i$ ?* U8 w) S7 T* c6: McKusick VA. 0 p/ B6 h+ ]7 j2 z( z4 {2 K
Marcella O'Grady Boveri (1865-1950) and the chromosome theory of cancer.
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7 m7 b; E* d. ~2 `: h4 N% f! h. N7: BALTZER F.
4 r. J( B, }' X/ I& k  y$ d4 U* CTHEODOR BOVERI.0 v8 }1 g* M" H; H, ~- v# G% x5 X/ M
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Boveri and the early days of genetics.9 B* \! P/ s% ^5 S4 ~0 D
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1914年，德国动物学家Boveri从遗传学方面意外的对癌症进行了奇妙的研究，他将海胆两个精子同时受精于一个海胆卵子，造成非整倍体的海胆，后来这种海胆发育畸形，细胞分裂f类似Hansemann'描述的恶性肿瘤的病理性核分裂相，因此提出癌变的突变学说（非整倍体假说，当然存在争论，有人认为是Hansemann'首先提出）。+ J8 [& @) T' e4 }
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图示：
% v+ Y: E  |3 ]9 O0 ?4 J6 RFig. 1. Fig. A and Fig. B from Boveri (1914) representing asymmetric distribution of chromosomes in a tetrapolar mitosis. Because this can happen in an ovum fertilised with two sperms, and some of the resulting cells “wander away” from normal developmental paths, Boveri speculated that among somatic cells arising from the same type of mitosis, some might “wander away” into other tissues as do cancer cells exhibiting invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, Boveri did not suggest somatic cell fusion as the mechanism of the somatic tetrapolar mitosis, but rather exogenous agents acting on the mitotic process. 4 [+ F2 d. Q6 y3 ]
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- q( d0 h1 M" |, X8 c# F' g; D% H* x1914年，德国动物学家Boveri从遗传学方面意外的对癌症进行了奇妙的研究，他将海胆两个精子同时受精于一个海胆卵子，造成非整倍体的海胆，后来这种海胆发育畸形，细胞分裂f类似Hansemann'描述的恶性肿瘤的病理性核分裂相，因此提出癌变的突变学说（非整倍体假说，当然存在争论，有人认为是Hansemann'首先提出）。1 K+ I' s( O; b8 z4 C& s
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图示
: f7 C4 {0 h% s. F, o4 O# ]- V0 yFig. 1. (A) Fig. 13 (II) in Hertwig (1890) showing formation of the first polar body during oögenesis. ( Fig. 15 in Hansemann (1890) showing an asymmetric mitosis in a carcinoma cell. The similarity of appearances is probably what led Hansemann to try to synthesise Weismann's theory of “differentiation by loss of chromosomes” with Hertwig's observations of “loss of chromosomes during oögenesis”. $ S( f! [- ?1 d; l. T& q9 ^  k
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9 Q4 b& i# B1 y  }8 p整倍体与癌变关系目前是癌症研究的一个争论焦点，看看目前流行的4个观点：; G2 ], B! L: n7 k0 T

3 q6 D  D( B% d4 WNguyen HG, Ravid K.
0 `( _: `1 _2 A$ t5 eTetraploidy/aneuploidy and stem cells in cancer promotion: The role of chromosome passenger proteins.
# Q1 L8 k' ^7 m( d( [3 GJ Cell Physiol. 2006 Jul;208(1):12-22. Review.
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Figure 1. Theories on involvement of aneuploidy in cancer promotion
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xiaodongqin

很有用

knowtumor

我的看法是，非整倍体学说引起肿瘤是最不靠谱的。这一理论也不系统。基因组的不稳定性其实没有也不可能给肿瘤细胞带来什么选择优势。看看骡子吧，还有那些无籽西瓜，不都是非整倍体吗？在切片上，不要看到个大的，畸形的奇异细胞就认为是能力特强的”恶性“细胞。这些细胞一般是不能分裂的。就像我们在医院看到发育畸形的病人一样，不要把他们当成 ”恶人“...

qwertyyuiop

假说很重要！