A scientist’s brief guide to lay summaries
Although formats vary, some journals—among them PLOS Biology, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, PLOS Genetics, PNAS, Behavioral Ecology, Functional Ecology, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment—have developed criteria for synopses aimed at a more general audience, thus offering guidance for journal publishers who are considering the requirement of lay summaries. (PNAS requires submission of a 120-word Significance Statement with research articles explaining the relevance to a broad readership.)
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; e6 V. z( e8 X+ t6 J3 pHowever, scientists who have trained for years using highly technical and specific language may find writing meaningful lay summaries a daunting prospect. Achieving a balance between accuracy and accessibility is not an easy task, but (we argue) a worthwhile one. Fortunately, excellent published resources exist to guide scientists in writing for general audiences (e.g., N. Baron’s Escape from the Ivory Tower and R. Olson’s Don’t Be Such a Scientist) and even specifically in writing lay summaries (14). Based on our review of these resources, scientists faced with crafting their first lay summary might consider these tips:
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$ w; w8 T5 A" W/ N# d/ v9 k" y- `/ VA lay summary differs in intent and should not be considered a “dumbed-down” version of the standard abstract. The lay summary should focus on the significance of the research with respect to the central or fundamental questions in the field (i.e., the “why and so what?” rather than the “how?”).
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Make use of available resources, such as university public information offices, published guides and books, including online tools to simplify writing style (e.g., www.readability-score.com).
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" k M$ d! J$ Z$ m* k3 _5 y8 dMake use of lay persons and peers in other disciplines for feedback and review along the way, which will help in avoiding acronyms, jargon, and other forms of inaccessible language.
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Embrace the adage “practice makes perfect” and expect improvement in skill over time.
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