PDF电子书：Writing for Science

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; x) q) J9 H8 M' i( z! L作者：Robert Goldbort* c/ t$ E+ ]8 C" k1 X
2006年出版的一本关于科技论文写作的书，对论文的写作非常有帮助，推荐给大家。8 J0 T4 B8 A" v# g
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CONTENTS4 V; x1 z# J6 T/ D( x2 c
Preface, xi
' F" f4 C" v0 i" H1 SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH 1
, m6 Y$ k& Y( j$ q8 z, @Language as a Tool of Science, 1 The Communication Range of
) m0 f& J& J( D* [6 ]- CScientific English, 3 The Legacy of Scientifically Plain English, 7# o  A+ h8 ]8 `' [) d1 O3 b
The Human Dimension of Scientific English, 11 Scientific English' {9 O- v, U- E( Z% j9 K0 g7 v2 z
in Action, 16 Objectivity and Precision, 18 Clarity and Coherence, 31: ?( G; |& A5 v) V2 w' s: J, J( i% h
Simplicity and Conciseness, 38 Misused Words and Phrases, 43
2 H) S5 Z. x1 I: ~Punctuation, 51 Scientific English as a Dynamic Instrument, 52
! ~! K* q+ @, h8 E+ J, u2 G2 LABORATORY NOTES 56
8 G% v: f" X5 ?4 w' }Purpose of Laboratory Notes, 56 Notebooks in the Workplace and
$ |' t# ?2 y/ a! x! E$ n6 E& WEducational Settings, 57 Legal and Ethical Responsibility in Laboratory
% J5 }8 \7 N5 u! x+ F" n7 I; @Notes, 58 Permanence of Notebooks and Notes, 60 Notebook
$ s4 c3 T: X- t- H1 `. h0 @Organization and Entries, 61 Electronic Note Taking, 75 Laboratory& g% I4 F- S2 `2 i& K$ j
Reports, 76 From Laboratory Records to Other Communications, 79
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3 WORKPLACE SCIENTIFIC WRITING: LETTERS, MEMORANDA,
. v& W; N) Y) I. E, D# h" bAND ABSTRACTS 81
; @( W0 {, {1 VThe Roles of Workplace Scientific Writing, 81 Job Application Letters7 s& ~. o2 c, n2 t( R
and Résumés, 83 Inquiry Letters, 90 Technical Memoranda, 94
6 A/ W: m- [6 Z. q6 dResearch Abstracts, 98 The Practicality of Workplace Scientific
- W! D# s9 ]% q: h8 XWriting, 1042 W( C) ]/ ~* C6 {6 w
4 UNDERGRADUATE REPORTS IN THE SCIENCES 106
. `. I/ J4 W$ p$ ?3 `* lWhat Is a College Report in the Sciences? 106 Features of Scientific
$ r( U4 @$ `- N3 LReports Shared with Other Disciplines, 107 Unique Features of2 s, a# t" N- r; N2 u
Scientific Reports, 108 Scientific Report Writing as a Human Process,
" s5 H; d0 q7 u* D) d111 The Writing Situation: What Is Expected? 112 Working with3 w# w, S* }4 S& R1 A' g# D. _& m
Others: Collaborative Scientific Reports, 113 The Recursive Stages
: P4 g3 f) ?3 S) f+ \: B* A- Hof Writing a Research Report, 114 Research and Writing: Asking the
4 v* R1 m6 ^' M# DRight Questions, 115 Getting Started: Topic and Source Decisions,# r4 Y  @" O3 `' H/ ]% s% e8 v! F
116 Types of Sources and Their Uses, 118 Electronic Sources, 1283 D/ C' C; n/ p, o) H, `" D
Planning and Drafting the Report: Answering the Questions, 133
, A, m) v4 c% b1 LMaking Choices about Reportorial Modes of Development, 137
4 A* u/ b/ w5 F& X8 j% ]Beginnings, Middles, and Endings, 139 Parceling a Report’s Contents
  N2 E, f9 t( ~1 z5 Pwith Headings, 142 Additional Elements for Reports that Are Formal,2 z0 g2 l2 t+ _$ k8 b- Y, U
144 Writing the Draft and Meeting Reader Expectations, 147 Final8 g2 \0 u$ @. ]; }# V
Copy: Reviewing, Editing, Revising, and Proofreading, 149 Being
" V. D0 W3 P- r* ZThorough from Start to Finish, 151' Z5 L8 n0 A3 }% s) @& x- _
5 DOCUMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC SOURCES 1529 V( [- s" K! t% L+ }# E
The Importance of Bibliographic Documentation, 152 Citing4 ~7 |! |) _0 _; P
Responsibly: Selectivity, Accuracy, and Completeness, 153 Examples of
- c0 s3 R4 i( V5 l: v8 @- zCitation Styles in a List of References, 154 Sources Other than Articles
4 w0 @' D' O) R  c3 L( Rand Books, 161 Electronic Citations, 164 Citations in Text, in Visuals,! r0 B$ h& l% ?
and in Bibliographic Notes, 168 Citations as a Reflection of3 p, I+ c" j/ u* g: s
Professionalism, 172
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% N3 @7 `! i' @5 E8 I2 o6 SCIENTIFIC VISUALS 174) k7 `$ j- e( t/ M+ {# v) f$ j
The Importance of Scientific Visuals, 174 Purposes Served by Visuals
, @: g3 _" q9 V# F5 j5 kin Scientific Papers, 175 Planning and Designing Visuals, 1761 P: M) V" ?' ^. f5 O2 D5 `
Preparing Tables, 177 Preparing Figures, 183 Weighing Options and
, `8 |. k/ n6 Y7 M5 t& ?Meeting Visual Expectations, 191
7 U. v( D! M3 f, q* r% w7 SCIENTIFIC PRESENTATIONS 194
6 a8 y% `  ?6 a7 w1 V& QThe Professional Value of Scientific Presentations, 194 Unique9 M8 j5 ]7 y$ f1 u
Benefits of Oral Presentations, 195 Timing, 197 Speaking, 198* i; p* o+ s- u9 b4 |
Writing, 199 Viewing, 203 Poster Presentations, 207 Preparing) B3 r9 S7 ^9 f+ g( B0 L, D
for an Audience, 210* n  P! S! W% }- ^
8 SCIENTIFIC DISSERTATIONS 213
3 a0 N. T& T  A+ g" H8 V0 @$ oThe Role of Writing in Graduate Scientific Education, 213 Learning- N6 t% @5 p7 k% t' F$ U
Scientific Writing in Graduate School, 214 Qualities that Define a
  d/ Z. z0 G/ `% }Scientific Dissertation, 216 The Parts and Structure of a Scientific% i4 y  r& O( R. j0 v1 ]
Dissertation, 217 Traditional Features of Front Matter, 218 IMRAD
5 ?3 t: m% u9 v7 V) ]0 }, V8 Z- \Expository Style of Chapters, 223 After the Dissertation, 239
0 o/ q8 z1 @$ U. H7 o8 I! Y9 o9 SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ARTICLES 240/ P0 \1 U. y5 q& a) V4 P" K; `) c' ]
Professional Importance of Journal Articles in the Sciences, 240! y7 u4 ?" }8 V! J/ a3 L& r
Scientific Journals and Their Articles, 242 The Features of a Scientific
% X! x# N: Q# XJournal Article, 243 Wording the Title, 244 Author Byline and- C9 v1 A- }. D( q( H& ^3 r5 c
Affiliation, 246 Preparing the Abstract, 247 Acknowledgments,
* _, m1 d, W' [& v* O3 N1 f249 Main Text: IMRAD Structure, Style, and Content Editing, 251# j+ Q8 i) O: J- P+ S
Ethical Publication in Science, 264 Final Considerations on the& [* `* Q  c) R8 J
Scientific Publication Process, 269
4 y8 I4 u6 Y4 u2 h1 t+ F, F10 SCIENTIFIC GRANT PROPOSALS 2715 t/ _2 E: h- H; J8 e2 X
What Is a Scientific Grant Proposal? 271 Guiding Parameters in1 Y6 a: B5 b7 |  J5 y$ j
Preparing a Proposal, 273 Conventional Parts of a Grant Proposal,* }/ s! Q( r' b5 F$ O! S
274 Proposal Title and Summary, 276 Revisions in Resubmitted
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