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本帖最后由 细胞海洋 于 2011-4-2 20:40 编辑 ) x6 i7 U8 X% A' j
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CONTENTS+ c5 ?- D ~8 U1 s' G0 K
Preface
- a {0 G) L8 O% ?5 @. X) oPart One. Fundamentals of Genetic Processes
+ Q2 P! z8 c% G/ h* F1. Introductory Concepts 3+ d9 n. T8 R. [% F5 Y
1.1 What is DNA and What is a Gene? 3
2 I/ }, |9 {" K, ~1.2 What is Gene Cloning? 41 [1 x- ?6 T. w }5 P `8 ^
1.3 Cell Organization 5
2 _2 K2 \2 |. q/ z) j# ]& L! t1.4 Heredity Factors and Traits 6: k( ^; q' w7 _6 r& Y9 o8 z
1.5 Mitosis and Meiosis 9
+ N. z' q* q% D9 C- ]1.6 Relating Genes to Inherited Trait 10! v) I" _1 J7 s) S2 `6 I2 ]
1.7 Why Gene Cloning? 11
7 L! B% w& Z& r( `1 x0 @: bReview 13
+ r$ d* h9 |, c8 ^! p2. Structures of Nucleic Acids 15
6 h: [9 g8 u2 o2.1 3'-0H and 5'-P Ends 15/ q& L; U4 D! N5 t2 r* N3 B
2.2 Purine and Pyrimidine Bases 16
$ W7 A6 Y b8 ]. J& d2.3 Complementary Base Pairing 17
m6 ~& W* l& T w0 F9 u8 p2.4 Writing a DNA Molecule 186 q1 {; o8 ?) _ B& l6 t8 r
2.5 Describing DNA sizes 19
. o( |( c+ _7 b2 I2 _2.6 Denaturation and Renaturation 19
9 r( }2 J$ |, K& e0 _/ i4 Q1 w2.7 Ribonucleic Acid 20
9 ?5 \) V" b7 PReview 21
( m P. h) ^$ N2 I! @) cStructures of Proteins 232 ]9 E# ?6 z5 c$ x* d# j
3.1 Amino Acids 23
" E% b5 w6 B3 t5 Y) @6 d7 U" p' T3.2 The Peptide Bond 25
9 L6 ?/ r- j9 f3 e' `% s6 @; V4 S3.3 Structural Organization 263 I1 x. D, Z2 o- T: b
3.4 Postranslational Modification 27. ~& ?, q* k" Q' Z/ B
3.5 Enzymes 28& [0 |$ w2 l) G" |; X6 Y2 p1 H
Review 30' i% @. o! k3 g: [" D" S# ?/ V
The Genetic Process 31
t/ H" q, H! z/ j4.1 From Genes to Proteins 31( ^9 u9 Y( m1 S5 j9 E* b# x3 _* Y, I
4.2 Transcription 31
# T# z. _8 Z- z: S( C2 {3 D4.3 Translation 32
% F% r% @( l1 M7 e+ b$ @4.4 The Genetic Code 33. _' W- ^/ e( p: J9 b7 a
4.5 Why Present a Sequence Using the Coding Strand? 34
2 `3 r |1 U8 A, I4.6. The Reading Frame 35
9 z+ H) m" ^4 C8 D# j u( y4 Z4.7 DNA Replication 37
; C% w; Q% m: U( Q$ F8 N# a4.8 The Replicon and Replication Origin 383 c5 H5 w9 m1 A( D
4.9 Relating Replication to Gene Cloning 39" T' A/ z. Q( ?0 Z5 O
Review 39
# W6 D0 l4 }# f( c* \/ HOrganization of Genes 41
: y& O; ^; y, E+ r* l$ h5.1 The Lactose Operon 41
- U! C/ ~# e7 H& }( i6 E3 O) E9 |5.2 Control of Transcription 423 G6 K: P8 @8 n, M
5.2.1 The Transcription Start Site and Termination Site 42
. k7 V. ~& S! o4 |. ?5.2.2 When Does Transcription Start or Stop? 44$ r1 N3 c. ~% h& Y& `+ @. |3 u
5.3. Control of Translation 46' W# \. A& F7 L+ l' q% S0 I
5.3.1 Ribosome Binding Site and Start Codon 46
4 k. _6 s0 S$ f* a2 J% n+ D d5 @5.3.2 Translation Termination Site 47
$ u0 S5 G# K. F4 Q8 {7 Z; |1 A5.4 The Tryptophan Operson 47
6 v8 E- @5 N0 D; r/ c' ?2 C" J% |5.4.1 Co-repressor 48; Y* |" z7 ?: Q' \! w7 C4 `6 |
5.4.2 Attenuation 48) o3 L5 }1 I- i$ r3 Q" Z0 `
5.4.3 Hybrid Promoters 492 t+ m% S5 \( X* F& p/ f8 P$ [
5.5 The Control System in Eukaryotic Cells 491 K1 o( D* o1 M/ l
5.5.1 Transcriptional Control 49
: D. S. Q2 Q( F" ^3 b/ D" l% i5.5.2 Introns and Exons 51
9 Z+ v3 `8 T) W5.5.3 Capping and Tailing 52
+ {/ Y9 m* k2 ?& X4 i' W1 l1 [( l5.5.4 Ribosome Binding Sequence 52) K2 u; S3 k/ |& Z
5.5.5 Monocistronic and Polycistronic 52! u2 m7 v5 [1 w
Review 60
7 M0 g5 E, e6 ]8 i+ c# y6. Reading the Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene 558 }; B+ Y9 s% T- z; m
6.1 The E. coli dut gene 55% A4 p+ B. w: ?4 D8 Q' X( N% \
6.2 The human bgn gene 58: O F, x: Q6 j- |
6.2.1 Reading the genomic sequence 58' M$ [7 C: P! g
6.2.2 Reading the cDNA sequence 62, c( P3 O v }. @# H3 l+ x0 C
Part Two. Techniques and Strategies of Gene Cloning/ l' Z. L% L5 d! H: q
7. Enzymes Used in Cloning 69) \0 s' d6 y1 l+ N6 E* _
7.1 Restriction Enzymes 69
2 w+ K( E, \" @2 R8 D0 I7.2 Ligase 70
Y. n8 Z X! n* v4 z7.3 DNA Polymerases 71
: F4 z. N. o: }. \9 ~+ h- Y' m7.3.1 E. coli DNA Polymerase 1 71& @& {- r6 f5 D- U# l9 }1 z
7.3.2 Bacteriophage T4 and T7 polymerase 730 _) Q0 K+ b& y. O: i9 X7 [% V
7.3.3 Reverse Transcriptase 74; t& I0 f% h+ a& E9 b( R$ w
7.3.4 RNA Polymerase 74; m& c+ i# Q7 u! L
7.4 Phosphatase and kinase 74
! ^/ T" c g+ h) n zReview 755 e. Z9 a8 Z& z# z9 Y ]4 E( A5 ?
8. Techniques Used in Cloning 77
. U4 a4 h2 d" \$ q( X6 |8.1 DNA Isolation: E$ n! Q( I, k( @! [( W( H8 w
8.2 Gel Electrophoresis
. z# U: O- J& P0 l8.2.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
- }4 l- e3 u2 J/ [- n8.2.2 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
. L9 ?5 i. g# C! {" q3 `8.3 Wester Blot
6 |. c: d# Z2 }+ U) V8.4 Southern Transfer3 @- [5 Z6 K! r! L6 f, d. M
8.5 Colony Blot
' T$ _ \% H& ]8.6 Hybridization. Y" b* U4 p& k) L% V+ x3 J! G0 U* g
8.7 Immunological Techniques) b8 G# c# G! c: _ ^; Y
8.8 DNA Sequencing- u( S$ s, @0 t, u) R# @2 X$ u
8.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction0 b; _& Z5 ?& D, F4 b
8.10 Site-Directed Mutagenesis3 `) y- N8 Q9 }/ z
8.11 Non-radioactive Detection Methods
# H3 {# q5 K, C, K, b/ m3 RReview. T+ c/ r/ f- d1 c C/ g, B
Cloning Vectors for Introducing Genes into Host Cells6 S2 e1 L3 M+ T7 l3 D
9.1 Vectors for Bacterial Cells9 O3 E) K6 I: y" m1 L
9.1.1 Plasmid Vecors 93! n; _5 A7 g6 r7 g% U
9.1.2 Bacteriophage Vectors 99
; C( o3 [9 f( |9 r3 Y0 \# y9.1.3 Cosmids 104" [& _8 _7 r0 o
9.1.4 Phagemids 105) ?' _; f ~/ u, L
9.2 Yeast Cloning Vectors 106, z1 E1 g2 ]) U+ A: {% |
9.2.1 The 2|i Circle 1068 V% m$ H T: K4 g+ B% r9 E
9.3 Vectors for Plant Cells 108
2 ?; y, P+ M1 M/ A1 S9.3.1 Binary Vector System 109
3 C6 y8 X" @. f9.3.2 Cointegrative Vector System 110. d p8 q. z- ?9 z! C) k- S5 J" R
9.3.3 Genetic Markers 111# ^. a! ?- ~" o* E* x
9.3.4 Plant Specific Promoters 1134 M# D. {6 @3 n. [9 ~! @ Y" X* s# T. l
9.4 Vectors for Mammahan Cells 114
1 J8 m; u7 I: p9.4.1 SV40 Viral Vectors 114
4 v, d5 v/ p+ C9.4.2 Direct DNA Transfer 116+ [& m( y( [" w/ D: d! ^/ n" W
9.4.3 Insect Baculovirus 117
3 K/ v& J7 E% H9.4.4 Retrovirus 121
. Z6 ]7 u) o7 O* k( C( QReview 123
# U. {5 z# c& D10. Transformation 125
+ O/ D& P7 f( R: H8 Z10.1 Calcium Salt Treatment 1254 R7 X3 G0 L! S `1 d
10.2 Electroporation 126- L) l: T6 z$ K( `8 D2 ? v
10.3 Agrobacterium Infection 1266 d# ?/ i k( A
10.4 The Biolistic Process 126, x& i2 }" k: N9 c* ^( e
10.5 Viral Transfection 127
X$ U4 Q8 x+ z) [8 Q5 r6 e5 \. [5 g10.6 Microinjection 127. w! i- F, x- h) @' z8 S
10.7 Nuclear Transfer 128
* ?6 G, J$ s# ^( v) UReview 129! D/ H8 o/ Z! P" o: q+ C0 z
11. Isolating Genes for Cloning 131
( J- T1 s7 y% s) R7 n. d9 y, j" l8 s' `% L11.1 The Genome Library 131
/ Y& R: U2 r( R11.2 The cDNA Library 132. n1 `0 D9 E; ~
11.3 Choosing The Right Cell Types for mRNA Isolation 134
2 } {# l% p; x; }0 j9 ]0 S& t) CReview 134
; I. M+ ?' j1 }% wPart Three. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Agriculture( C: Y8 H; g: q1 w' l! U
12 Improving Tomato Quality by Antisense RNA 137
9 |& F: O) E; Y i4 t12.1 Antisense RNA 137
) |* h8 v0 K* d) S: P# Q& k% u' }% B12.2 A Strategy for Engineering Tomatoes with 139
( _0 y4 a5 |$ [* m) P k# h+ N, QReview 1411 O. x3 I- k0 m# w9 g4 j' X& m
13. Transgenic Crops Engineered with Insecticidal Activity- o4 R% Y; a1 f1 ^
13.1 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins 143
) _3 @. t+ p5 g+ y9 a% `" V7 L13.2 Cloning of the cry gene into cotton plants 1437 i1 n0 o: d9 n( A1 y1 G* o
13.2.1 Modifying the cry gene 144
6 r1 o2 u& `# w }# N L13.2.2 The Intermediate Vector 144
4 A4 S5 S1 `! u7 }- H13.2.3 Transformation hy Agrobacterium 144
0 n. j7 l: N; {! @8 Y: h9 T3 RReview 145
1 n8 v) M. s: ]14. Transgenic Crops Conferred with Herbicide Resistance 1479 J. `% R* u6 y, A; Z
15.: @2 I2 ~/ B/ V: s) T
14.1 Glyphosate, l" d, }0 A7 `( a
14.2 Cloning of the aroA gene0 p% l& R6 ]. }4 n2 ?
Review" Z# x$ r9 E: y0 ]; B! I' e# I
Growth Enhancement in Transgenic Fish
6 y) V% d1 z$ J, l& W( c15.1 Gene Transfer in Fish
7 j0 M+ o! J( j3 T2 \8 s15.2 Cloning Salmons with a Chimeric Growth
7 X7 V. B: R6 Q8 J4 cHormone Gene2 ~4 z. o; J* G# A% ]- w# l
Review) Q" g0 x; W' r+ ?- V
Part Four. Impact of Gene Cloning - Applications in Medicine
: N" h& I" a) O) O. `16. Microbial Production of Recombinant Human Insulin 159. T4 q0 [7 _7 |
16.1 Structure and Action of Insulin 159; [. x+ {9 n4 R* t, c
16.2 Cloning Human Insulin Gene 160' Y4 Y1 `8 Z2 P8 }; D3 g' U- f
Review 1618 x( q2 e, H, V, E
17. Finding Disease-Causing Genes 163
+ i [5 ~. E( }, y17.1 Genetic Linkage 163
8 n% c, z; F& F; o17.1.1 Frequency of Recombination 1640 ?; Z- A( }) h' E: Z
17.1.2 Genetic Markers 165
0 A& Y$ S; F0 Y1 O1 E+ w u; @17.2 Positional Cloning 165+ @ J; Y& r" U; a/ y% x* U
17.2.1 Chromosome Walking 166
: f1 q; d6 ^4 B. X' b17.2.2 Chromosome Jumping 1677 f$ B5 c6 `$ N$ x8 E
17.2.3 Yeast Artificial Chromosome 167
* E; U3 i5 U3 ^( H17.3 Exon Amplification 168! N- J$ I0 x# R' B+ v, d
17.4 Isolafion of the Mouse Ofte^e Gene 169
; ?6 X3 T& H& K/ ~) GReview 170
4 P; T, h. V) k9 P: N( W18. Human Gene Therapy 171
; J) w4 T! K# r) F18.1 Physical Chemical Methods 172
' a3 D" g4 h% D6 e8 O18.2 Biological Methods 173" ? m: o# `+ c1 B+ ?/ Q+ `" j9 F
18.2.1 Life Cycle of Retroviruses 173
0 m/ s5 b* y b8 x" i18.2.2 Construction of a Safe Retrovirus Vector 1739 b$ P; c5 e, S9 _. Q8 ^, N! d
18.3 Gene Treatment of Severe Combined
; b1 B. W% |: J- w: ]1 M+ tImmune Deficiency 174% |2 E+ N- S' K {7 p
18.4 Therapeutic Vaccines 175
1 o3 @7 o. Z0 \. }# c, n* d7 f/ [18.4.1 Construction of DNA Vaccines 176. e# Z8 j; d( \, a1 _: |. [- i6 ]2 E
18.4.2 Methods of Delivery 176 y7 t" E* o$ R0 a3 `( ]; g0 w
Review 176
1 S6 X* }0 Q0 W; ~19. Gene Targeting 179
; d5 C- c2 ]0 A1 J5 g( g19.1 Recombination 179: v4 F4 n. P# ^9 e4 y7 z$ t' ]' |
19.2 Replacement Targeting Vectors 180
. m3 B$ Z* [9 n19.3 Gene Targeting Without Selectable Markers 182: I' K i% Y) U6 m2 W* s* @
19.3.1 The PCR Method 1821 n0 N9 H8 T% @- W. \0 b
19.3.2 The Double-Hit Method 1836 B+ F: m$ z( t& N' d
19.3.3 The Cre/7oxP Recombination 183
# P, [4 O$ S# T! c19.4 Gene Targeting for Xenotransplants 184
2 [# V- Z* f9 M' zReview 186
" ~0 J) c4 D; J6 ]2 D2 d20. DNA Typing 1878 \; L+ W8 g6 C) }
20.1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats 187# ~8 x% ]5 q* e" a: {- c% W4 d: q
20.2 Polymorphism Analysis Using VNTR Markers 188. g0 K' ?2 W I( s" Z: t* Z) Y
20.3 Single-locus and Multi-locus Probes 189# C4 \5 i. X+ a5 V3 Y( M
20.4 Paternity Case Analysis 190' y4 C2 m+ C7 R8 Z4 b& U W- v
20.5 Short Tandem Repeat Markers 191
* S2 B" d! C8 _( S8 `3 }20.5.1 The Combined DNA Index System 192' @. ]* J! I& Y0 C5 n
20.6 Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis 1938 G/ m8 f4 k& _2 |8 y0 } `" W
Review 196& h7 r+ ~3 w8 k. _! ^' P
21. Transpharmers - Bioreactors for Pharmaceutical
1 n& U# i/ k7 C$ f! |Products 197
1 c9 l7 {* \$ ~- A) e- `% C& v21.1 General Procedure for Production of Transgenic7 u! \8 ?( _& c' N1 ]2 Y0 G5 S
Animals 198! H4 Y; @! }4 P/ {( u
21.2 Transgenic Sheep for a 1-Antitrypsin 198/ t4 j4 _9 ?7 l0 }/ Z2 Z
Review 1998 c$ q9 C. u# f! q
22. Animal Cloning 201! R; P2 n+ h" J
22.1 Cell Differentiation 201
+ D S0 ^8 R c/ O* W+ S0 u7 j22.2 Nuclear Transfer 202- e2 N/ B- ]! {5 K9 l$ `
22.3 The Cloning of Dolly 203
6 t; P2 P/ J% o0 X* FReview 204$ f) m( {4 i/ e: o
23. Human Genome Sequencing 205
2 ]# @7 w9 R5 k/ s% Q/ l2 z$ \23.1 Genetic Maps 205$ z+ n6 J5 t% r; v5 z& B& C
23.1.1 DNA Markers 206
, q4 x: [7 a% |# E4 O23.1.2 Pedigree Analysis 206& D5 N4 G+ z, C S4 ^
23.2 Physical Maps 207+ | T# l1 s# k& x6 C. Y! W
23.2.1 Sequence Tagged Sites 207
; C4 H9 S q4 J" E23.2.2 Radiation Hybridization 208
: N/ Y, f3 S2 d0 o23.2.3 Clone Libraries 2088 @3 [0 B% Z; d' X* W: V' L) X
23.2.4 Bacteria Artificial Chromosome Vector 209( J s( B! v' K4 ?$ S6 o7 S1 L
23.3 Comprehensive Integrated maps 2101 @3 ^# g) ^: c& u. d+ R
23.4 Strategies for Genome Sequencing 211
( S/ j4 O2 M$ {; v& A2 a/ X* a& D23.4.1 Hierarchical Shotgun Sequencing 2113 R1 k4 e) D K) [6 s1 A4 O
23.4.2 Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing 212; M8 V' D# ^1 J: M
Review 213
4 m$ d% t' ?1 p$ fReferences 2151 e. s7 O) K, t: E+ }
Index 229 |
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发表于 2011-4-2 13:01
