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A ‘higher order’ of telomere regulation: telomere
/ E7 z! E( ]6 @+ H: Y) `; C4 U$ Sheterochromatin and telomeric RNAs
$ V5 i& r. p7 Y% N' k: s6 r. u! ~
$ d1 S! a4 q+ BEMBO 20095 }/ P# {' f( P4 q/ k1 \3 a6 r" z
Protection of chromosome ends from DNA repair and
4 K. D) K1 g3 ]degradation activities is mediated by specialized protein
3 ^! e+ J1 S; a0 j: Scomplexes bound to telomere repeats. Recently, it has# O: s. [- V% @+ B; M" Q- Z/ G ~
become apparent that epigenetic regulation of the" r3 F$ |: e8 r u. d D5 |$ h
telomeric chromatin template critically impacts on
& ]3 N2 _2 q& x: d8 Mtelomere function and telomere-length homeostasis from
: r3 W# f2 a4 m8 O( syeast to man. Across all species, telomeric repeats as well& G- K- T5 J9 ~5 |
as the adjacent subtelomeric regions carry features of0 ~! r) a( ~; H/ R& B3 p' {
repressive chromatin. Disruption of this silent chromatin3 x' j! u+ N* t& \) c4 g! a5 t
environment results in loss of telomere-length control* q; q: }- O7 w; z" [
and increased telomere recombination. In turn, progressive. {# U" Z T( g: W* p% G
telomere loss reduces chromatin compaction at' ?& I' M3 L7 K: P2 w @; k
telomeric and subtelomeric domains. The recent discoveries
& |( U. H' a% |2 F! E; l" Fof telomere chromatin regulation during early mammalian/ W9 `7 w2 Q8 {* x- I* Q
development, as well as during nuclear
' t0 K% r( w6 Y5 i8 sreprogramming, further highlights a central role of telomere
% q8 ?- e. h/ f' ]' n, ichromatin changes in ontogenesis. In addition,
( X+ [) g6 `% _, @4 Ctelomeres were recently shown to generate long, noncoding
8 E& V0 c: o ]: RRNAs that remain associated to telomeric chromatin
0 v( ?& p+ I9 Iand will provide new insights into the regulation of+ [' x5 j( y* W! v6 Z: |
telomere length and telomere chromatin. In this review,2 \% A. ]$ N2 b6 L' x1 h8 Y G) M
we will discuss the epigenetic regulation of telomeres
$ u+ e5 H+ w+ a3 [# h4 h+ eacross species, with special emphasis on mammalian/ U+ B) G) e7 ]/ Y2 J
telomeres. We will also discuss the links between) Z/ \! r- ^8 f9 n, j4 u4 M7 E; n, U
epigenetic alterations at mammalian telomeres and+ m1 C0 Q# m& C9 m5 }! T4 h
telomere-associated diseases. |
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发表于 2010-4-7 10:11
发表于 2010-4-20 16:04
